NU-131 - Nursing and Healthcare I Exam 4, 100% Fall
2026.
Question 1. A 42-year-old female patient reports to the clinic concerned that she has doubled
her dress size over the past year despite adhering to her usual workout routine. Which
response by the nurse is most appropriate based on physical changes in middle adulthood?
A. Instruct the patient to immediately begin an extreme low-calorie crash diet to reverse
muscle loss.
B. Recommend complete cessation of physical exercise until a full endocrine workup is
completed.
✓ C. Advise the patient that weight redistribution to the trunk region and loss of muscle
tone are normal age-related changes during middle adulthood.
D. Inform the patient that dress size changes at age 42 always indicate severe metabolic
dysfunction.
Correct Answer: (C)
Rationale: In middle adulthood (40s to early 60s), body contour changes naturally occur due
to an increase and redistribution of fat deposits in the trunk region, along with a loss of
muscle tone and elasticity, even in individuals who exercise regularly.
Question 2. The nurse is conducting a physical assessment on an 80-year-old client. The
client's body temperature reads 99.2°F (37.3°C), which represents a 2°F elevation above
baseline. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
A. Assume the elevation is due to environmental overheating and reassess in 24 hours.
✓ B. Identify that a 2°F temperature elevation in an older adult is a primary sign
indicating potential infection.
C. Recognize this as a normal physiological variation requiring no further assessment.
D. Document the reading as severe hypothermia secondary to decreased basal metabolic rate.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: In older adults (late adulthood), baseline body temperature is often lower. A 2°F
elevation above baseline temperature is a clinical hallmark signifying the presence of
infection or systemic illness.
Question 3. A young adult client asks the nurse for advice on managing occupational stress
caused by an overwhelming workload. Which strategy aligns with NU-131 health promotion
guidelines for young adults?
A. Accept all additional assignments to prove professional maturity to supervisors.
B. Rely on over-the-counter sedative sleep aids to cope with night-time work anxiety.
✓ C. Learn to say 'No' to extra work assignments to prevent burnout and manage stress
levels.
D. Ignore workplace stress until physical symptoms force time off from employment.
Correct Answer: (C)
Rationale: Young adults establishing careers must learn effective stress management.
, Teaching young adults to say 'No' to extra work responsibilities helps maintain balance and
prevent overload.
Question 4. A 50-year-old male patient presents for a routine annual physical examination.
Which diagnostic screening procedure should the nurse anticipate the physician will order for
colorectal cancer screening?
A. Abdominal ultrasound.
✓ B. Screening Colonoscopy.
C. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) only.
D. Barium swallow study.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Health promotion guidelines for middle adulthood specify that both men and
women should undergo a colonoscopy starting at age 50 (and every 10 years thereafter) to
screen for colorectal cancer.
Question 5. The nurse is assessing an older adult client who exhibits clinical manifestations
of depression. What is the primary underlying factor contributing to depression in the late
adulthood population?
A. Accumulation of unspent financial assets.
✓ B. Experiencing multiple losses, including loved ones, health, status, and
independence.
C. Increased social involvement in community organizations.
D. Rapid increase in basal metabolic rate during late adulthood.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Depression and suicide in older adults are frequently precipitated by dealing with
multiple losses, including loss of spouse/friends, declining physical health, loss of role
identity, and loss of independence.
Question 6. A 48-year-old female patient experiencing severe menopausal hot flashes asks
about Hormone Replacement Therapy (HT). Which finding in the patient's family history
represents a major contraindication for HT?
A. Family history of osteoarthritis.
✓ B. Family history of breast cancer.
C. Family history of presbyopia.
D. Family history of seasonal allergies.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Hormone Therapy (HT) during menopause is strictly contraindicated if there is a
family or personal history of breast cancer due to elevated risk factors.
Question 7. A menopausal woman complains of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia (painful
intercourse). Which intervention should the nurse recommend to alleviate discomfort during
sexual activity?
2026.
Question 1. A 42-year-old female patient reports to the clinic concerned that she has doubled
her dress size over the past year despite adhering to her usual workout routine. Which
response by the nurse is most appropriate based on physical changes in middle adulthood?
A. Instruct the patient to immediately begin an extreme low-calorie crash diet to reverse
muscle loss.
B. Recommend complete cessation of physical exercise until a full endocrine workup is
completed.
✓ C. Advise the patient that weight redistribution to the trunk region and loss of muscle
tone are normal age-related changes during middle adulthood.
D. Inform the patient that dress size changes at age 42 always indicate severe metabolic
dysfunction.
Correct Answer: (C)
Rationale: In middle adulthood (40s to early 60s), body contour changes naturally occur due
to an increase and redistribution of fat deposits in the trunk region, along with a loss of
muscle tone and elasticity, even in individuals who exercise regularly.
Question 2. The nurse is conducting a physical assessment on an 80-year-old client. The
client's body temperature reads 99.2°F (37.3°C), which represents a 2°F elevation above
baseline. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
A. Assume the elevation is due to environmental overheating and reassess in 24 hours.
✓ B. Identify that a 2°F temperature elevation in an older adult is a primary sign
indicating potential infection.
C. Recognize this as a normal physiological variation requiring no further assessment.
D. Document the reading as severe hypothermia secondary to decreased basal metabolic rate.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: In older adults (late adulthood), baseline body temperature is often lower. A 2°F
elevation above baseline temperature is a clinical hallmark signifying the presence of
infection or systemic illness.
Question 3. A young adult client asks the nurse for advice on managing occupational stress
caused by an overwhelming workload. Which strategy aligns with NU-131 health promotion
guidelines for young adults?
A. Accept all additional assignments to prove professional maturity to supervisors.
B. Rely on over-the-counter sedative sleep aids to cope with night-time work anxiety.
✓ C. Learn to say 'No' to extra work assignments to prevent burnout and manage stress
levels.
D. Ignore workplace stress until physical symptoms force time off from employment.
Correct Answer: (C)
Rationale: Young adults establishing careers must learn effective stress management.
, Teaching young adults to say 'No' to extra work responsibilities helps maintain balance and
prevent overload.
Question 4. A 50-year-old male patient presents for a routine annual physical examination.
Which diagnostic screening procedure should the nurse anticipate the physician will order for
colorectal cancer screening?
A. Abdominal ultrasound.
✓ B. Screening Colonoscopy.
C. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) only.
D. Barium swallow study.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Health promotion guidelines for middle adulthood specify that both men and
women should undergo a colonoscopy starting at age 50 (and every 10 years thereafter) to
screen for colorectal cancer.
Question 5. The nurse is assessing an older adult client who exhibits clinical manifestations
of depression. What is the primary underlying factor contributing to depression in the late
adulthood population?
A. Accumulation of unspent financial assets.
✓ B. Experiencing multiple losses, including loved ones, health, status, and
independence.
C. Increased social involvement in community organizations.
D. Rapid increase in basal metabolic rate during late adulthood.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Depression and suicide in older adults are frequently precipitated by dealing with
multiple losses, including loss of spouse/friends, declining physical health, loss of role
identity, and loss of independence.
Question 6. A 48-year-old female patient experiencing severe menopausal hot flashes asks
about Hormone Replacement Therapy (HT). Which finding in the patient's family history
represents a major contraindication for HT?
A. Family history of osteoarthritis.
✓ B. Family history of breast cancer.
C. Family history of presbyopia.
D. Family history of seasonal allergies.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Hormone Therapy (HT) during menopause is strictly contraindicated if there is a
family or personal history of breast cancer due to elevated risk factors.
Question 7. A menopausal woman complains of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia (painful
intercourse). Which intervention should the nurse recommend to alleviate discomfort during
sexual activity?
