AFULT
NR325 ADULT HEALTH II
PERFECT EXAM GUIDE FOR
A GUARANTEED PASS
STIs
- R/F
o Women
o MSM
o Adolescents and young adults
o Correctional facilities
o Sexual assault victims
- Protect
themselves
and others:
o No sex for 7 days after treatment and until all partners completed full treatment
o Partners within preceding 60 days of symptoms need to be tested o Return for 3
months for testing
- Chlamydia o
Patho:
▪ In men is the urethra (urethritis)
▪ Women is cervicitis
▪ Transmit through sex fluids (ejaculation does not have to occur
o S/S
▪ May not have any symptoms in early stage
▪ Men = pain with urination or discharge
▪ Women = mucopurulent discharge (mucus plus pus), bleeding, dysuria,
pain with intercourse o Complications
▪ Epididymitis causes infertility
▪ Pelvic inflammatory disease in women damages fallopian tubes and
increases risk for ectopic pregnancy
o DX
▪ RPR (rapid plasma) should be negative normally o TX
▪ 1 dose of azithromycin
▪ Doxycycline for 7 days (1229)
- Gonorrhea o
Patho:
, ▪ Bacterial infection
o SS
▪ Many men are asymptomatic
▪ Men = urethritis; dysuria, purulent discharge, epididymitis
▪ Women = increased vaginal discharge, dysuria, urinary frequency,
bleeding after sex o Complications
▪ Most are asymptomatic, leading to epididymitis and Bartholin’s
glands infection (women) and PID
▪ Rare = disseminated gonococcal infection; skin lesions, fever,
arthralgia, arthritis, endocarditis
▪ Neonates = gonococcal conjunctivitis from delivery of infected
mother o DX
▪ Lab testing o TX
▪ First line: ceftriaxone IM and oral azithromycin
- Trichomonia
sis o Patho:
▪ Protozoan parasite
▪ Men = urethra
▪ Women = cervix
▪ Women with HIV are high risk o S/S
▪ Men = burning with urine or ejaculation
▪ Women = painful urination, vaginal itching, painful intercourse,
bleeding after sex, yellow-green discharge with foul odor o Complications
▪ Easy to acquire or transmit another STI, specifically HIV o DX
▪ Labs; NAAT (like all STIs) o TX
▪ Metronidazole
- Genital
Herpes o
HSV1 = oral
o HSV2 =
genital o
Patho:
▪ Herpesvirus infected for life
o S/S
▪ Primary episode: 2 days to 2 weeks; no symptoms
• Prodromal stage: before lesions; burning, itching, tingling
• Vesicular stage: small painful blisters
• Ulcerative stage: lesions rupture
▪ Recurrent
• Less severe than primary
• Triggers include stress, fatigue, sunburn, general illness,
immunosuppression, menses
o Complications
▪ Blindness, encephalitis, aseptic meningitis
, ▪ Neonates through birth canal (skin, eyes, mouth, or CNS) causing
morbidity and mortality
• C-section for active infection o
TX
▪ Acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovir
• IV acyclovir is reserved for sever or life-threatening infections
o Nursing
▪ Keep lesions clean and dry
▪ Pour water on perineal area when urinating if it burns
- Genital
Warts o HPV
o Patho:
▪ Transmit skin to skin
▪ Virus clears in 1-2 years
o S/S
▪ Asymptomatic usually unless a wart shows
▪ Men = on penis and scrotum, around/in the anus
▪ Women = inner thighs, vulva, vagina, cervix o Complications
▪ Types 16 and 18 cause cancer
- Syphilis o
Patho:
▪ Bacteria
▪ Can be on lips, reproductive organs, rectum, tongue, mouth
o S/S
▪ Mimics other diseases
▪ Primary
• Single or multiple sores on reproductive and sexual organs
• Regional lymphadenopathy
• Exudate and blood from sores are high infective
▪ Secondary
• Weeks after
• Flu like symptoms
• Mucus patches in mouth
• Symmetric rash on trunk, palms, and soles
• Moist weeping papules in anogenital area
• Weight loss and alopecia ▪ Latent
• Absence of S/S
▪ Late
• Noninfectious; 20 years later
• Destructive lesions affecting organs
• Neurosyphilis
• General paresis
• Tabes dorsalis (ataxia, areflexia,
paresthesia, lightning pains)
NR325 ADULT HEALTH II
PERFECT EXAM GUIDE FOR
A GUARANTEED PASS
STIs
- R/F
o Women
o MSM
o Adolescents and young adults
o Correctional facilities
o Sexual assault victims
- Protect
themselves
and others:
o No sex for 7 days after treatment and until all partners completed full treatment
o Partners within preceding 60 days of symptoms need to be tested o Return for 3
months for testing
- Chlamydia o
Patho:
▪ In men is the urethra (urethritis)
▪ Women is cervicitis
▪ Transmit through sex fluids (ejaculation does not have to occur
o S/S
▪ May not have any symptoms in early stage
▪ Men = pain with urination or discharge
▪ Women = mucopurulent discharge (mucus plus pus), bleeding, dysuria,
pain with intercourse o Complications
▪ Epididymitis causes infertility
▪ Pelvic inflammatory disease in women damages fallopian tubes and
increases risk for ectopic pregnancy
o DX
▪ RPR (rapid plasma) should be negative normally o TX
▪ 1 dose of azithromycin
▪ Doxycycline for 7 days (1229)
- Gonorrhea o
Patho:
, ▪ Bacterial infection
o SS
▪ Many men are asymptomatic
▪ Men = urethritis; dysuria, purulent discharge, epididymitis
▪ Women = increased vaginal discharge, dysuria, urinary frequency,
bleeding after sex o Complications
▪ Most are asymptomatic, leading to epididymitis and Bartholin’s
glands infection (women) and PID
▪ Rare = disseminated gonococcal infection; skin lesions, fever,
arthralgia, arthritis, endocarditis
▪ Neonates = gonococcal conjunctivitis from delivery of infected
mother o DX
▪ Lab testing o TX
▪ First line: ceftriaxone IM and oral azithromycin
- Trichomonia
sis o Patho:
▪ Protozoan parasite
▪ Men = urethra
▪ Women = cervix
▪ Women with HIV are high risk o S/S
▪ Men = burning with urine or ejaculation
▪ Women = painful urination, vaginal itching, painful intercourse,
bleeding after sex, yellow-green discharge with foul odor o Complications
▪ Easy to acquire or transmit another STI, specifically HIV o DX
▪ Labs; NAAT (like all STIs) o TX
▪ Metronidazole
- Genital
Herpes o
HSV1 = oral
o HSV2 =
genital o
Patho:
▪ Herpesvirus infected for life
o S/S
▪ Primary episode: 2 days to 2 weeks; no symptoms
• Prodromal stage: before lesions; burning, itching, tingling
• Vesicular stage: small painful blisters
• Ulcerative stage: lesions rupture
▪ Recurrent
• Less severe than primary
• Triggers include stress, fatigue, sunburn, general illness,
immunosuppression, menses
o Complications
▪ Blindness, encephalitis, aseptic meningitis
, ▪ Neonates through birth canal (skin, eyes, mouth, or CNS) causing
morbidity and mortality
• C-section for active infection o
TX
▪ Acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovir
• IV acyclovir is reserved for sever or life-threatening infections
o Nursing
▪ Keep lesions clean and dry
▪ Pour water on perineal area when urinating if it burns
- Genital
Warts o HPV
o Patho:
▪ Transmit skin to skin
▪ Virus clears in 1-2 years
o S/S
▪ Asymptomatic usually unless a wart shows
▪ Men = on penis and scrotum, around/in the anus
▪ Women = inner thighs, vulva, vagina, cervix o Complications
▪ Types 16 and 18 cause cancer
- Syphilis o
Patho:
▪ Bacteria
▪ Can be on lips, reproductive organs, rectum, tongue, mouth
o S/S
▪ Mimics other diseases
▪ Primary
• Single or multiple sores on reproductive and sexual organs
• Regional lymphadenopathy
• Exudate and blood from sores are high infective
▪ Secondary
• Weeks after
• Flu like symptoms
• Mucus patches in mouth
• Symmetric rash on trunk, palms, and soles
• Moist weeping papules in anogenital area
• Weight loss and alopecia ▪ Latent
• Absence of S/S
▪ Late
• Noninfectious; 20 years later
• Destructive lesions affecting organs
• Neurosyphilis
• General paresis
• Tabes dorsalis (ataxia, areflexia,
paresthesia, lightning pains)
