ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) EXAM VERSION 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS NEWEST | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is best defined as:
A. Permanent nephron destruction
B. Sudden decline in kidney function over hours to days
C. Chronic loss of renal mass
D. Increased urine production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: AKI is characterized by a rapid decline in renal function leading to
accumulation of waste products and fluid/electrolyte imbalance.
2. Which laboratory value is most commonly used to identify AKI?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Platelet count
C. Serum creatinine
D. Albumin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rising serum creatinine is a key marker used to diagnose and stage AKI.
3. Which criterion defines oliguria in AKI?
A. <50 mL/day
B. <100 mL/day
,C. <0.5 mL/kg/hr urine output
D. <2 mL/kg/hr urine output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as urine output below 0.5 mL/kg/hr for a sustained
period.
4. The most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients is:
A. Kidney stones
B. Prerenal hypoperfusion
C. Polycystic kidney disease
D. Bladder cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced renal perfusion from hypovolemia or hypotension commonly
causes AKI.
5. Which category of AKI results from decreased renal blood flow?
A. Intrinsic
B. Postrenal
C. Prerenal
D. Obstructive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prerenal AKI occurs when inadequate perfusion decreases GFR.
6. A patient with severe vomiting is most at risk for which AKI type?
A. Intrinsic
B. Prerenal
C. Postrenal
D. Nephritic
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fluid losses from vomiting commonly cause hypovolemia leading to
prerenal AKI.
7. Acute tubular necrosis is classified as:
A. Prerenal AKI
B. Intrinsic AKI
C. Postrenal AKI
D. Functional AKI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ATN involves direct injury to renal tubules and is intrinsic renal disease.
8. Which medication is potentially nephrotoxic?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Furosemide
C. Gentamicin
D. Metoprolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aminoglycosides are well known for nephrotoxicity.
9. Hyperkalemia in AKI occurs because:
A. Increased potassium excretion
B. Reduced renal excretion
C. Increased insulin secretion
D. Increased sweating
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Damaged kidneys cannot effectively eliminate potassium.
10. Which ECG change is associated with severe hyperkalemia?
, A. U waves
B. Peaked T waves
C. ST depression
D. Prolonged QT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peaked T waves are an early sign of hyperkalemia.
11. Which is a common symptom of uremia?
A. Polyphagia
B. Confusion
C. Bradycardia only
D. Hyperactivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Accumulation of toxins may cause altered mental status.
12. Which AKI phase commonly demonstrates decreased urine output?
A. Recovery phase
B. Polyuric phase
C. Oliguric phase
D. Stable phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria commonly occurs during the maintenance phase.
13. Which fluid finding suggests fluid overload in AKI?
A. Dry mucosa
B. Weight loss
C. Crackles in lungs
D. Sunken eyes
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS NEWEST | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is best defined as:
A. Permanent nephron destruction
B. Sudden decline in kidney function over hours to days
C. Chronic loss of renal mass
D. Increased urine production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: AKI is characterized by a rapid decline in renal function leading to
accumulation of waste products and fluid/electrolyte imbalance.
2. Which laboratory value is most commonly used to identify AKI?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Platelet count
C. Serum creatinine
D. Albumin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rising serum creatinine is a key marker used to diagnose and stage AKI.
3. Which criterion defines oliguria in AKI?
A. <50 mL/day
B. <100 mL/day
,C. <0.5 mL/kg/hr urine output
D. <2 mL/kg/hr urine output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as urine output below 0.5 mL/kg/hr for a sustained
period.
4. The most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients is:
A. Kidney stones
B. Prerenal hypoperfusion
C. Polycystic kidney disease
D. Bladder cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced renal perfusion from hypovolemia or hypotension commonly
causes AKI.
5. Which category of AKI results from decreased renal blood flow?
A. Intrinsic
B. Postrenal
C. Prerenal
D. Obstructive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prerenal AKI occurs when inadequate perfusion decreases GFR.
6. A patient with severe vomiting is most at risk for which AKI type?
A. Intrinsic
B. Prerenal
C. Postrenal
D. Nephritic
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fluid losses from vomiting commonly cause hypovolemia leading to
prerenal AKI.
7. Acute tubular necrosis is classified as:
A. Prerenal AKI
B. Intrinsic AKI
C. Postrenal AKI
D. Functional AKI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ATN involves direct injury to renal tubules and is intrinsic renal disease.
8. Which medication is potentially nephrotoxic?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Furosemide
C. Gentamicin
D. Metoprolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aminoglycosides are well known for nephrotoxicity.
9. Hyperkalemia in AKI occurs because:
A. Increased potassium excretion
B. Reduced renal excretion
C. Increased insulin secretion
D. Increased sweating
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Damaged kidneys cannot effectively eliminate potassium.
10. Which ECG change is associated with severe hyperkalemia?
, A. U waves
B. Peaked T waves
C. ST depression
D. Prolonged QT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peaked T waves are an early sign of hyperkalemia.
11. Which is a common symptom of uremia?
A. Polyphagia
B. Confusion
C. Bradycardia only
D. Hyperactivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Accumulation of toxins may cause altered mental status.
12. Which AKI phase commonly demonstrates decreased urine output?
A. Recovery phase
B. Polyuric phase
C. Oliguric phase
D. Stable phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria commonly occurs during the maintenance phase.
13. Which fluid finding suggests fluid overload in AKI?
A. Dry mucosa
B. Weight loss
C. Crackles in lungs
D. Sunken eyes
