EXS 320 EXAM 3 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. CARDIOVASCU- LAR SYSTEM
Answer:
•Cardiovascular system serves number of important functions in body. Must support other physiological
systems.
•Cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to and removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste
from every cell in body.
•Transports hormones from endocrine glands to their target receptors.
Question:
2. What does the cardiovascular system help maintain?
Answer:
•Maintains body temperature, and bloods buffering capabilities to help control pH. Also maintains
appropriate fluid levels to prevent dehydration and prevent infection by invading organisms.
•All body functions and virtually every cell in body depend in some way on cardiovascular system.
Question:
3. How is the heart viewed?
Answer:
•As functional unit heart viewed as two separate pumps (right and left). Hollow sections compose right
heart are for: Receive blood returning from body Pump blood to lungs via pulmonary circulation
•Left side of heart: Receives oxygenated blood from lungs Pumps blood into aorta for systemic circulation
Question:
4. Anatomy of Heart
Answer:
•Composed of 4 hollow chambers. 2 atria and 2 ventricles.
•Atria = thin walled, low pressure, function as large reservoir conduits of blood for respective ventricles
than as pumps.
•Ventricles = chambers responsible for forward propulsion of blood into pulmonary and systemic
circulation.
Question:
5. Heart anatomy cont.
Answer:
•Left ventricle distributes blood to systemic circulation, wall is thicker than right ventricle.
•Separating left and right sides of heart is interventricular septum. Thick, solid, muscular wall.
•Heart also contains valve system = cardiac valves.
•Consist of thin flaps of flexible tough fibrous tissue. Movements of valve leaflets essentially passive,
orientation of cardiac valves responsible for unidirectional flow blood through heart.
Question:
6. •Valvular system divided into:
,Answer:
Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves
•Atrioventricular valves divide atria and ventricles. Valves consist of tricuspid, (rt atrium and rt ventricle);
biscuspid or mitral valve (left atrium and left ventricle).
•Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into ventricles. Aortic semilunar valves control blood flow
from left ventricle into aorta. Pulmonary semilunar valve controls blood flow from right ventricle into
pulmonary circulation.
Question:
7. Blood Flow Through the Heart
Answer:
•Blood goes through body delivers oxygen and nutrients and picks up waste products, returns through the
great veins. Are the superior and inferior vena cava.
•Vena cava attach to right atrium. Is the right atrium that receives all of body's deoxygenated blood.
•From right atrium, blood passes through tricuspid valve into right ventricle. Chamber then pumps blood
through pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary artery, carries blood to right and left lungs. This sends
blood for re- oxygenation.
•After fresh supply of oxygen, blood exits lungs through pulmonary veins, which carry blood back to heart
and into left atrium. All freshly oxygenated blood received by this chamber.
•From left atrium blood passes through mitral valve into left ventricle. Blood leaves left ventricle by
passing through aortic semilunar valve into aorta.
Question:
8. What do atrial chambers serve as?
Answer:
•Atrial chambers serves as primers to receive and store blood during ventricular contraction.
Approximately 70% of blood returning to atria flows directly into ventricles before atria contract.
•Simultaneous contraction of both atria forces remaining blood into ventricles. Almost immediately after
atrial contraction, ventricles contract and force blood into arterial system.
Question:
9. Pulmonary vs systemic circulation
Answer:
• Right heart: pulmonary circulation
- Pumps deoxygenated blood from body to lungs
- Superior, inferior vena cavae RA tricuspid valve RV pulmonary valve pulmonary arteries lungs
• Left heart: systemic circulation
- Pumps oxygenated blood from lungs to body
- Lungs pulmonary veins LA mitral valve LV aortic valve aorta
Question:
10. Cardiac Conduction System
Answer:
Cardiac Conduction System
•Cardiac muscle ability to generate own electrical signal. Termed autoconduction. Allows heart to contract
rhythmically without neural stimulation.
•Without neural or hormonal stimulation, intrinsic rhythm of heart averages 60-100 bpm.
, Question:
11. •Essentially 4 components of cardiac conduction system.
Answer:
•Essentially 4 components of cardiac conduction system. Under normal circumstances, cardiac conduction
follows specific pathway and is composed of: Sinoatrial (SA) node Atrioventricular (AV) node
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of HIS) Purkinjie fibers
Question:
12. Conduction system cont.
Answer:
•Impulse initiated by SA node. Located in posterior wall of right atrium. Known as pacemaker of the heart.
Beating rate known as sinus rhythm.
•Electrical impulse by SA node spreads through both atria and goes to AV node. AV node in right atrial
wall near center of heart. As impulse spreads through atria, signaled to contract, do almost immediately.
•AV node conducts impulse from atria into ventricles. Impulse delayed approximately 0.1 seconds as
passes AV node to AV bundle. Delay allows atria to fully contract before ventricles, maximizing
ventricular filling.
•AV bundle travels along interventricular septum as right and left bundle branches. Bundle branches send
impulse towards apex of heart.
•Bundle branch subdivides into many smaller ones, spread throughout entire ventricular wall. Terminal
branches of AV bundle are Purkinjie fibers.
•Purkinjie fibers transmit impulses through ventricles approximately 6 times faster than through rest of
cardiac conduction system. Rapid conduction allows all parts of ventricle to contract at about same time.
Question:
13. Extrinsic Control of Heart
Answer:
Extrinsic Control of Heart
•Impulses in heart can be altered. Under normal conditions accomplished through 3 extrinsic systems:
Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Endocrine system
•Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems part of autonomic nervous system. System controls
body's involuntary internal functions.
Question:
14. •Some of functions important to athlete include:
Answer:
•Some of functions important to athlete include: Heart rate Blood pressure Blood distribution Respiration
•Autonomic nervous system originates from different sections of spinal cord and base of brain.
•Effects of two systems often antagonistic, but both always function together. (when one turns on, the
other turns off. Or when one increases intensity, the other decreases).
Question:
15. Parasympatheic Nervous System
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. CARDIOVASCU- LAR SYSTEM
Answer:
•Cardiovascular system serves number of important functions in body. Must support other physiological
systems.
•Cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to and removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste
from every cell in body.
•Transports hormones from endocrine glands to their target receptors.
Question:
2. What does the cardiovascular system help maintain?
Answer:
•Maintains body temperature, and bloods buffering capabilities to help control pH. Also maintains
appropriate fluid levels to prevent dehydration and prevent infection by invading organisms.
•All body functions and virtually every cell in body depend in some way on cardiovascular system.
Question:
3. How is the heart viewed?
Answer:
•As functional unit heart viewed as two separate pumps (right and left). Hollow sections compose right
heart are for: Receive blood returning from body Pump blood to lungs via pulmonary circulation
•Left side of heart: Receives oxygenated blood from lungs Pumps blood into aorta for systemic circulation
Question:
4. Anatomy of Heart
Answer:
•Composed of 4 hollow chambers. 2 atria and 2 ventricles.
•Atria = thin walled, low pressure, function as large reservoir conduits of blood for respective ventricles
than as pumps.
•Ventricles = chambers responsible for forward propulsion of blood into pulmonary and systemic
circulation.
Question:
5. Heart anatomy cont.
Answer:
•Left ventricle distributes blood to systemic circulation, wall is thicker than right ventricle.
•Separating left and right sides of heart is interventricular septum. Thick, solid, muscular wall.
•Heart also contains valve system = cardiac valves.
•Consist of thin flaps of flexible tough fibrous tissue. Movements of valve leaflets essentially passive,
orientation of cardiac valves responsible for unidirectional flow blood through heart.
Question:
6. •Valvular system divided into:
,Answer:
Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves
•Atrioventricular valves divide atria and ventricles. Valves consist of tricuspid, (rt atrium and rt ventricle);
biscuspid or mitral valve (left atrium and left ventricle).
•Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into ventricles. Aortic semilunar valves control blood flow
from left ventricle into aorta. Pulmonary semilunar valve controls blood flow from right ventricle into
pulmonary circulation.
Question:
7. Blood Flow Through the Heart
Answer:
•Blood goes through body delivers oxygen and nutrients and picks up waste products, returns through the
great veins. Are the superior and inferior vena cava.
•Vena cava attach to right atrium. Is the right atrium that receives all of body's deoxygenated blood.
•From right atrium, blood passes through tricuspid valve into right ventricle. Chamber then pumps blood
through pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary artery, carries blood to right and left lungs. This sends
blood for re- oxygenation.
•After fresh supply of oxygen, blood exits lungs through pulmonary veins, which carry blood back to heart
and into left atrium. All freshly oxygenated blood received by this chamber.
•From left atrium blood passes through mitral valve into left ventricle. Blood leaves left ventricle by
passing through aortic semilunar valve into aorta.
Question:
8. What do atrial chambers serve as?
Answer:
•Atrial chambers serves as primers to receive and store blood during ventricular contraction.
Approximately 70% of blood returning to atria flows directly into ventricles before atria contract.
•Simultaneous contraction of both atria forces remaining blood into ventricles. Almost immediately after
atrial contraction, ventricles contract and force blood into arterial system.
Question:
9. Pulmonary vs systemic circulation
Answer:
• Right heart: pulmonary circulation
- Pumps deoxygenated blood from body to lungs
- Superior, inferior vena cavae RA tricuspid valve RV pulmonary valve pulmonary arteries lungs
• Left heart: systemic circulation
- Pumps oxygenated blood from lungs to body
- Lungs pulmonary veins LA mitral valve LV aortic valve aorta
Question:
10. Cardiac Conduction System
Answer:
Cardiac Conduction System
•Cardiac muscle ability to generate own electrical signal. Termed autoconduction. Allows heart to contract
rhythmically without neural stimulation.
•Without neural or hormonal stimulation, intrinsic rhythm of heart averages 60-100 bpm.
, Question:
11. •Essentially 4 components of cardiac conduction system.
Answer:
•Essentially 4 components of cardiac conduction system. Under normal circumstances, cardiac conduction
follows specific pathway and is composed of: Sinoatrial (SA) node Atrioventricular (AV) node
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of HIS) Purkinjie fibers
Question:
12. Conduction system cont.
Answer:
•Impulse initiated by SA node. Located in posterior wall of right atrium. Known as pacemaker of the heart.
Beating rate known as sinus rhythm.
•Electrical impulse by SA node spreads through both atria and goes to AV node. AV node in right atrial
wall near center of heart. As impulse spreads through atria, signaled to contract, do almost immediately.
•AV node conducts impulse from atria into ventricles. Impulse delayed approximately 0.1 seconds as
passes AV node to AV bundle. Delay allows atria to fully contract before ventricles, maximizing
ventricular filling.
•AV bundle travels along interventricular septum as right and left bundle branches. Bundle branches send
impulse towards apex of heart.
•Bundle branch subdivides into many smaller ones, spread throughout entire ventricular wall. Terminal
branches of AV bundle are Purkinjie fibers.
•Purkinjie fibers transmit impulses through ventricles approximately 6 times faster than through rest of
cardiac conduction system. Rapid conduction allows all parts of ventricle to contract at about same time.
Question:
13. Extrinsic Control of Heart
Answer:
Extrinsic Control of Heart
•Impulses in heart can be altered. Under normal conditions accomplished through 3 extrinsic systems:
Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Endocrine system
•Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems part of autonomic nervous system. System controls
body's involuntary internal functions.
Question:
14. •Some of functions important to athlete include:
Answer:
•Some of functions important to athlete include: Heart rate Blood pressure Blood distribution Respiration
•Autonomic nervous system originates from different sections of spinal cord and base of brain.
•Effects of two systems often antagonistic, but both always function together. (when one turns on, the
other turns off. Or when one increases intensity, the other decreases).
Question:
15. Parasympatheic Nervous System
