BSC 101 EXAM 3 WODIKA UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

BSC 101 EXAM 3 WODIKA UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. structure of a typical viral particle
Answer:
Have nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) which is surrounded by a capsid (protein)

Question:
2. all viruses include
Answer:
nucleic acid and glycoproteins

Question:
3. how does a virus infect a cell
Answer:
1. virus becomes attached to a target epithelial cell
2. cell engulfs the virus by endocytosis
3. viral contents are released, viral RNA enters the nucleus where it is replicated by the viral RNA
polymerase
4. viral mRNA is used to make viral proteins
5. new viral particles are made and released outside of the cell and the cell continues to make more

Question:
4. why is a virus not "alive"
Answer:
It needs a host

Question:
5. why can't you treat viral infections with antibiotics
Answer:
viruses have different structures and replicate in a different way than bacteria

Question:
6. different types of innate immunity
Answer:
skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive enzymes, stomach acidity, inflammatory response (all
prevents infection)

Question:
7. primary response
Answer:
at the first encounter with a pathogen, the immune repsonse is weak

,Question:
8. secondary response
Answer:
at later encounters with the same pathogen, there is a full immune response preventing symptoms because
white blood cells bonds with proteins to recognize antigens and memory cells remember

Question:
9. vaccines
Answer:
mimics exposure to a pathogen so the immune system recognizes it in case the body comes in contact with
it

Question:
10. antigens
Answer:
foreign protein or molecules that begin an immune response and stimulates the production of antibodies

Question:
11. innate vs adaptive immunity
Answer:
innate - a person's genetically predetermined resistance adaptive - ability of the body to react

Question:
12. herd immunity
Answer:
the resistance to the spread of a disease in a population due to a high proportion of individuals being
vaxxed

Question:
13. why should everyone who is medically capable get vaxxed
Answer:
when herd immunity is low, diseases can come back

Question:
14. fats - how and where they are digested
Answer:
hydrophobic chains of H and C are digested by enzymes in the small intestine

Question:
15. types of fats
Answer:
saturated - max number of H unsaturated - double bonds w C triglycerides - unsat or sat, can be replaced
by phosphate phospholipids - makes up all cell membranes cholesterol - hormones for reproduction

Question:
16. carbohydrates how and where they are digested

, Answer:
repeated simple sugar units that are chemically digested in the small intestine by enzymes and remaining
carbs are absorbed into the blood for fuel for cellular respiration

Question:
17. proteins - how and where they are digested
Answer:
repeated amino acid units that are chemically digested in the stomach by pepsin (stomach acid) and then in
the small intestine by enzymes

Question:
18. chemical digestion - site and function
Answer:
enzymatic digestion, enzymes break down subunits of the macromolecule via chemical reactions

Question:
19. mechanical/physical digestion - site and function
Answer:
mashing and breaking down food into smaller chunks (mastication)

Question:
20. absorption - site and function
Answer:
digested nutrients move from the digestive system into the blood so they can be transported to cells around
the body

Question:
21. causes and treatments of type 2 diabetes
Answer:
causes - obesity, lifestyle, age, family history, diet prevention - low sugar lifestyle, maintain healthy
weight, exercise treatments - medication and a proper diet

Question:
22. health consequences of obesity
Answer:
infertility, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, cancer

Question:
23. mouth - mastication
Answer:
eating/chewing to increase the surface area of food so enzymes can break it down faster

Question:
24. pharynx - DS
Answer:
moves solid food and liquids to esophagus