CNUR 302 -PEDS FINAL EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

CNUR 302 -PEDS FINAL EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. What is the most common type of childhood cancer?
Answer:
Leukemia

Question:
2. What are the four main types of childhood cancer?
Answer:
Leukemias, Lymphomas, Sarcomas, CNS tumors

Question:
3. What is the survival rate for childhood cancer 5 years post-diagnosis?
Answer:
Around 83%

Question:
4. What are the 8 warning signs of childhood cancer?
Answer:
C- Continued unexplained weight loss, H- Headaches with vomiting in the morning, I- Increased swelling
or persistent pain in bones, L- Lump or mass in abdomen or neck, D- Develop whitish appearance due to
infection, R- Recurrent fever not due to infection, E- Excessive bruising or bleeding, N- Noticeable
paleness or prolonged illness.

Question:
5. What is leukemia?
Answer:
Cancer of the blood-forming tissue, including marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.

Question:
6. What is the typical age range for the highest incidence of leukemia in children?
Answer:
White males ages 2-5.

Question:
7. What is the pathophysiology of leukemia?
Answer:
Loss of self-regulation in the marrow leading to unrestricted proliferation of immature WBCs (blasts).

Question:
8. What are common symptoms of leukemia?
Answer:
High WBC count, petechiae, purpura, low platelets, bone pain, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly.

,Question:
9. What are the two main types of leukemia?
Answer:
Acute and Chronic.

Question:
10. What distinguishes acute leukemia from chronic leukemia?
Answer:
Acute leukemia progresses rapidly, while chronic leukemia grows slowly and cells retain some normal
function.

Question:
11. What are some predisposing factors for leukemia?
Answer:
Genetics, siblings with leukemia, radiation exposure, advanced maternal age, maternal toxin exposure.

Question:
12. What is lymphoma?
Answer:
Cancer of the lymphoid system, including lymph nodes, spleen, or thymus.

Question:
13. Which type of lymphoma is more prevalent in children younger than 14 years?
Answer:
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Question:
14. What is the survival rate for Hodgkin's lymphoma in children?
Answer:
90%.

Question:
15. What are common treatments for leukemia?
Answer:
Chemotherapy, cranial irradiation, intrathecal chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Question:
16. What is tumor lysis syndrome?
Answer:
A metabolic imbalance caused by electrolytes released from rapidly dying cells, usually within 72 hours.

Question:
17. What are short-term effects of chemotherapy?
Answer:
Immunosuppression, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, oral mucositis, pain, alopecia.

,Question:
18. What are long-term effects of chemotherapy?
Answer:
Teeth damage, hearing or vision loss, sterility, bone marrow damage, endocrine damage, secondary cancer.

Question:
19. What is the role of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?
Answer:
To shrink tumors, destroy DNA, and make cellular division impossible.

Question:
20. What is the composition of hemoglobin?
Answer:
Made up of 4 globin chains, each holding a molecule of iron.

Question:
21. What is iron-deficient anemia (IDA)?
Answer:
Affects 750 million children worldwide, often highest incidence between ages 1-3.

Question:
22. What are the RBC cell indexes used to assess anemia?
Answer:
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Red cell
distribution width (RDW).

Question:
23. What is the significance of high MCV?
Answer:
Indicates macrocytic anemia.

Question:
24. What is the significance of low MCHC?
Answer:
Indicates hypochromic anemia.

Question:
25. What are common symptoms of anemia?
Answer:
Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, dizziness.

Question:
26. What are the roles of neutrophils in the immune system?
Answer:
First line of defense against bacterial infections.

, Question:
27. What is the function of T lymphocytes?
Answer:
Killer T cells that destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Question:
28. What is the role of B lymphocytes?
Answer:
Cells that produce antibodies.

Question:
29. What is the primary consequence of decreased iron in the body?
Answer:
Decrease in RBC-carrying capacity leading to fatigue from reduced oxygen.

Question:
30. What are some cognitive effects of chronic or severe anemia?
Answer:
Diminished cognitive function, behavioral changes, delayed growth and development in infants, and poor
school performance.

Question:
31. What is Pica?
Answer:
The eating of non-nutritive substances, commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Question:
32. What are common substances ingested in Pica?
Answer:
Soil, sand, chalk, drywall, hair, erasers, and cigarette butts.

Question:
33. List some iron-rich foods.
Answer:
Spinach, meat, octopus, fortified cereal, oatmeal, beans, lentils, blackstrap molasses, seeds, and nuts.

Question:
34. What are the risk factors for iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?
Answer:
Rapid growth, low iron intake, low socioeconomic status, prematurity, excessive milk intake, and
prolonged breastfeeding.

Question:
35. What nursing assessments are important for anemia?