Psychiatric Nursing: Examination 1
[chapters 1, 2, 6, 7, 23, 27, and bonus 1]
1. How does Townsend it defines mental health as the successful adaptation to stressors
define mental health? from the internal or external environment, evidenced by
Chapter 1: Mental Health and
thoughts, Mental
feelings, and Illness
behaviors that are age appropriate and
congruent with local and cultural norms.
2. What are internal and internal stress body image, fear, anxiousness
external stressors? external stress trauma, school, work environment, bullying,
home life
3. What is Maslow’s role he emphasized the individual’s motivation in the continuous quest
in mental health with the for self-actualization; he identified a “hierarchy of needs”, the
hierarchy of needs? lower needs requiring fulfillment before those at higher levels can be
achieved, with self-actualization being one’s highest potential.
4. How does Maslow he describes it as the state of being “psychologically healthy, fully
describe self- human, highly evolved, and fully mature”.
actualization?
5. What do self-actualized ♦ an appropriate perception of reality
people possess? ♦ the ability to accept oneself, others, and human nature
♦ the capacity for focusing concentration on problem-solving
♦ a need for detachment and desire for privacy (*to be able to
take time for yourself; to set aside time to do things that you
, enjoy)
♦ independence, autonomy, and a resistance to enculturation
♦ an intensity of emotional reaction
♦ a frequency of “peak” experiences that validate the
worthwhileness, richness, and beauty of life
♦ identification with human kind
♦ ability to achieve satisfactory interpersonal relationships
♦ a democratic character structure and strong sense of ethics
(*always following rules, make flexible arrangements, and
thinking of others)
♦ creativeness
♦ a degree of nonconformance (*people are human and can
make mistakes, it is okay to not be conformed all of the time)
5. How does Townsend defines it as a maladaptive response to stressors from the
define mental illness? internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and
cultural norms, and interfere with the individual’s social,
occupational, and/or physical functioning.
6. What is it relates to the inability of the general population to understand the
incomprehensibility motivation behind the behavior; it occurs when observers are unable
according to Horwitz? to find meaning or comprehensibility in behavior, they are likely to
label that behavior as “mental illness”.
7. What is cultural considers that the rules, conventions, and understanding’s about
relativity according to behavior are conceived within an individual’s own particular culture.
Horwitz?
behaviors are categorized as “normal” or “abnormal”
according to one’s culture or societal norms; a behavior that
is recognized as evidence of mental illness in one society may
be viewed as normal in another society and vice versa.
8. How does Hans Selye it is the state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all
define stress? the nonspecifically-induced changes within a biologic system. It has
been termed the fight-or-flight system or general adaptative
syndrome.
9. What is the alarm the initial symptoms the body experiences when it is under stress.
reaction stage? your heart rate increases, the adrenal cortex releases cortisol (the
stress hormone), and you receive a boost of adrenaline which
increases your energy.
Example: when a person is running late to class or for an
appointment and they are stressed out about trying to get there on
time.
10. What is the stage of it is when the perceived stress continues, the body uses the
resistance? physiological responses of the first stage as a defense in an attempt
to adapt to the stress. if adaptation occurs, the third stage is
prevented or delayed.
11. What is the stage of it occurs when there is a prolonged exposure to the stressor to which
exhaustion? the body has become adjusted. it is this chronic response that
maintains the body in the aroused condition for extended
periods that promotes susceptibility to diseases of adaptation.
12. What is the core it is a diffuse apprehension that is vague in nature and is associated
concept of anxiety? with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness. anxiety becomes
problematic when the individual is unable to prevent the
anxiety from escalating to a level that interferes with the
ability to meet basic needs.
13. What is Peplau’s it is rarely problematic for the individual. it is typical life stress. it is
description of mild associated with the tension experienced in response to day-to-day
, anxiety? living. it prepares people for action, increases motivation, and
productivity. this does not require treatment; ego defense
mechanisms can be used.
14. What is Peplau’s when the level of anxiety increases, the perceptual field diminishes.
description of moderate the individual becomes less alert to events occurring within the
anxiety? environment. the attention span and ability to concentrate disappear.
it can cause restlessness and increased muscular tension. this does
require treatment; ego defense mechanisms can be used.
15. What is Peplau’s the perceptual field is so greatly diminished that concentration
description of severe centers on one particular detail only or on many extraneous details.
anxiety? the attention span is extremely limited. the patient can experience
headaches, palpitations, insomnia, and emotional symptoms
such as confusion, dread, horror.
16. What is Peplau’s it is the most intense state of anxiety; the individual is unable to
description of panic focus on even one detail within the environment. it is characterized
anxiety? by wild and desperate actions or extreme withdrawal. the individual
may feel that the have a life-threatening illness or fear that they are
“going crazy”. prolonged anxiety can lead to physical and
emotional exhaustion and can be life threatening.
17. What are the coping ♦ sleeping
mechanisms for mild ♦ eating
anxiety? ♦ physical exercise
♦ crying
♦ laughing
♦ nail biting
♦talking to someone with whom one feels comfortable
18. What are ego defense when the level of anxiety increases, the strength of the ego is tested,
mechanisms? and energy to mobilized to “confront the threat”. these are used
either consciously or unconsciously as “protective devices” for the
ego in an effort to relieve mild to moderate anxiety. these
become maladaptive when an individual uses them to such a
degree that the defense mechanism interferes with the ability
to deal with reality.
19. What is the definition: covering up a real or perceived weakness by
compensation defense emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable.
mechanism? example 1: a physically handicapped boy is unable to participate in
football, so he compensates by becoming a great scholar.
example 2: when someone has a bad habit such as excessive alcohol
intake, so they eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly to
compensate for the unhealthy alcohol intake.
20. What is the denial definition: refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation
defense mechanism? or the feelings associated with it.
example 1: a woman drinks alcohol every day and cannot stop,
failing to acknowledge that she has a problem.
example 2: a student cheats on an exam, the teacher catches the
student, but when asked the student denies.
21. What is the definition: the transfer of feelings from one target to another that is
displacement defense considered less threatening or that is neutral.
mechanism? example 1: a client is angry at his doctor, does not express it, but
becomes verbally abusive with the nurse.
example: when your mom comes home from a bad day at work and
gives you an attitude about everything you do.
22. What is the definition: attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons
rationalization defense to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors (use of excuses and
mechanism? justify mi).
[chapters 1, 2, 6, 7, 23, 27, and bonus 1]
1. How does Townsend it defines mental health as the successful adaptation to stressors
define mental health? from the internal or external environment, evidenced by
Chapter 1: Mental Health and
thoughts, Mental
feelings, and Illness
behaviors that are age appropriate and
congruent with local and cultural norms.
2. What are internal and internal stress body image, fear, anxiousness
external stressors? external stress trauma, school, work environment, bullying,
home life
3. What is Maslow’s role he emphasized the individual’s motivation in the continuous quest
in mental health with the for self-actualization; he identified a “hierarchy of needs”, the
hierarchy of needs? lower needs requiring fulfillment before those at higher levels can be
achieved, with self-actualization being one’s highest potential.
4. How does Maslow he describes it as the state of being “psychologically healthy, fully
describe self- human, highly evolved, and fully mature”.
actualization?
5. What do self-actualized ♦ an appropriate perception of reality
people possess? ♦ the ability to accept oneself, others, and human nature
♦ the capacity for focusing concentration on problem-solving
♦ a need for detachment and desire for privacy (*to be able to
take time for yourself; to set aside time to do things that you
, enjoy)
♦ independence, autonomy, and a resistance to enculturation
♦ an intensity of emotional reaction
♦ a frequency of “peak” experiences that validate the
worthwhileness, richness, and beauty of life
♦ identification with human kind
♦ ability to achieve satisfactory interpersonal relationships
♦ a democratic character structure and strong sense of ethics
(*always following rules, make flexible arrangements, and
thinking of others)
♦ creativeness
♦ a degree of nonconformance (*people are human and can
make mistakes, it is okay to not be conformed all of the time)
5. How does Townsend defines it as a maladaptive response to stressors from the
define mental illness? internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and
cultural norms, and interfere with the individual’s social,
occupational, and/or physical functioning.
6. What is it relates to the inability of the general population to understand the
incomprehensibility motivation behind the behavior; it occurs when observers are unable
according to Horwitz? to find meaning or comprehensibility in behavior, they are likely to
label that behavior as “mental illness”.
7. What is cultural considers that the rules, conventions, and understanding’s about
relativity according to behavior are conceived within an individual’s own particular culture.
Horwitz?
behaviors are categorized as “normal” or “abnormal”
according to one’s culture or societal norms; a behavior that
is recognized as evidence of mental illness in one society may
be viewed as normal in another society and vice versa.
8. How does Hans Selye it is the state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all
define stress? the nonspecifically-induced changes within a biologic system. It has
been termed the fight-or-flight system or general adaptative
syndrome.
9. What is the alarm the initial symptoms the body experiences when it is under stress.
reaction stage? your heart rate increases, the adrenal cortex releases cortisol (the
stress hormone), and you receive a boost of adrenaline which
increases your energy.
Example: when a person is running late to class or for an
appointment and they are stressed out about trying to get there on
time.
10. What is the stage of it is when the perceived stress continues, the body uses the
resistance? physiological responses of the first stage as a defense in an attempt
to adapt to the stress. if adaptation occurs, the third stage is
prevented or delayed.
11. What is the stage of it occurs when there is a prolonged exposure to the stressor to which
exhaustion? the body has become adjusted. it is this chronic response that
maintains the body in the aroused condition for extended
periods that promotes susceptibility to diseases of adaptation.
12. What is the core it is a diffuse apprehension that is vague in nature and is associated
concept of anxiety? with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness. anxiety becomes
problematic when the individual is unable to prevent the
anxiety from escalating to a level that interferes with the
ability to meet basic needs.
13. What is Peplau’s it is rarely problematic for the individual. it is typical life stress. it is
description of mild associated with the tension experienced in response to day-to-day
, anxiety? living. it prepares people for action, increases motivation, and
productivity. this does not require treatment; ego defense
mechanisms can be used.
14. What is Peplau’s when the level of anxiety increases, the perceptual field diminishes.
description of moderate the individual becomes less alert to events occurring within the
anxiety? environment. the attention span and ability to concentrate disappear.
it can cause restlessness and increased muscular tension. this does
require treatment; ego defense mechanisms can be used.
15. What is Peplau’s the perceptual field is so greatly diminished that concentration
description of severe centers on one particular detail only or on many extraneous details.
anxiety? the attention span is extremely limited. the patient can experience
headaches, palpitations, insomnia, and emotional symptoms
such as confusion, dread, horror.
16. What is Peplau’s it is the most intense state of anxiety; the individual is unable to
description of panic focus on even one detail within the environment. it is characterized
anxiety? by wild and desperate actions or extreme withdrawal. the individual
may feel that the have a life-threatening illness or fear that they are
“going crazy”. prolonged anxiety can lead to physical and
emotional exhaustion and can be life threatening.
17. What are the coping ♦ sleeping
mechanisms for mild ♦ eating
anxiety? ♦ physical exercise
♦ crying
♦ laughing
♦ nail biting
♦talking to someone with whom one feels comfortable
18. What are ego defense when the level of anxiety increases, the strength of the ego is tested,
mechanisms? and energy to mobilized to “confront the threat”. these are used
either consciously or unconsciously as “protective devices” for the
ego in an effort to relieve mild to moderate anxiety. these
become maladaptive when an individual uses them to such a
degree that the defense mechanism interferes with the ability
to deal with reality.
19. What is the definition: covering up a real or perceived weakness by
compensation defense emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable.
mechanism? example 1: a physically handicapped boy is unable to participate in
football, so he compensates by becoming a great scholar.
example 2: when someone has a bad habit such as excessive alcohol
intake, so they eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly to
compensate for the unhealthy alcohol intake.
20. What is the denial definition: refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation
defense mechanism? or the feelings associated with it.
example 1: a woman drinks alcohol every day and cannot stop,
failing to acknowledge that she has a problem.
example 2: a student cheats on an exam, the teacher catches the
student, but when asked the student denies.
21. What is the definition: the transfer of feelings from one target to another that is
displacement defense considered less threatening or that is neutral.
mechanism? example 1: a client is angry at his doctor, does not express it, but
becomes verbally abusive with the nurse.
example: when your mom comes home from a bad day at work and
gives you an attitude about everything you do.
22. What is the definition: attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons
rationalization defense to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors (use of excuses and
mechanism? justify mi).
