The Human Body in Health and Illness,
8th Edition by Barbara Herlihy All
chapters 1 to chapter 28 Questions and
correct answers
This document requires a systematic breakdown of human anatomy and physiology.
emphasizes foundational structural organization, body chemistry, cell biology, and all
major organ systems tailored for allied health and nursing students.
Chapters 1-3: Introduction, Chemistry, and Cells
Question: What anatomical term describes the study of the structure and shape of the
human body and its parts? Answer: Anatomy.
Question: What anatomical term describes the study of how the body and its parts work
or function? Answer: Physiology.
Question: What level of structural organization represents the smallest, basic units of all
living things? Answer: Chemical level.
Question: What body plane divides the body into right and left halves? Answer: Sagittal
plane.
Question: What body plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
portions? Answer: Frontal (coronal) plane.
Question: What body plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower)
portions? Answer: Transverse (horizontal) plane.
Question: Which major body cavity houses the brain and spinal cord? Answer: Dorsal
body cavity.
Question: Which major body cavity contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Answer: Ventral body cavity.
,Question: What homeostatic mechanism amplifies or accelerates the change taking
place, such as during childbirth blood clotting? Answer: Positive feedback loop.
Question: What homeostatic mechanism counteracts a change in a variable to bring the
body back to its normal set point? Answer: Negative feedback loop.
Question: What subatomic particles carry a positive charge and are located within the
atomic nucleus? Answer: Protons.
Question: What type of chemical bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from
one atom to another? Answer: Ionic bond.
Question: What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between
atoms? Answer: Covalent bond.
Question: On the pH scale, what numerical range designates an acidic solution?
Answer: Below 7.0.
Question: What organic compounds serve as the primary and immediate source of
cellular energy? Answer: Carbohydrates.
Question: What cellular organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it
generates ATP? Answer: Mitochondrion.
Question: What cellular organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste and
cellular debris? Answer: Lysosome.
Question: What passive transport process involves the movement of molecules from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? Answer: Diffusion.
Question: What specific type of diffusion involves the passive movement of water across
a selectively permeable membrane? Answer: Osmosis.
Question: What active transport mechanism requires ATP to pump substances across
the cell membrane against their concentration gradient? Answer: Active transport pumps
(e.g., sodium-potassium pump).
Chapters 4-6: Tissues, Integumentary System, and
Skeletal System
Question: What primary tissue type covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, and
forms glands? Answer: Epithelial tissue.
Question: What primary tissue type supports, protects, and binds together other body
tissues? Answer: Connective tissue.
, Question: What type of muscle tissue is striated, voluntary, and responsible for body
movement? Answer: Skeletal muscle.
Question: What type of muscle tissue is non-striated, involuntary, and found within the
walls of hollow internal organs? Answer: Smooth muscle.
Question: What specialized nervous tissue cells support, insulate, and protect neurons?
Answer: Neuroglia (glial cells).
Question: What primary cutaneous membrane layer makes up the outermost layer of
the skin? Answer: Epidermis.
Question: What skin pigment produced by melanocytes protects against ultraviolet
radiation damage? Answer: Melanin.
Question: What accessory skin structure secretes an oily substance (sebum) into hair
follicles? Answer: Sebaceous gland.
Question: What type of sweat gland is widely distributed across the body and primarily
functions in temperature regulation via perspiration? Answer: Eccrine sweat gland.
Question: What Rule of Nines percentage is assigned to the entire anterior trunk of an
adult body? Answer: 18 percent.
Question: What specialized bone cells are responsible for building new bone matrix?
Answer: Osteoblasts.
Question: What specialized bone cells break down and resorb bone matrix? Answer:
Osteoclasts.
Question: What shaft of a long bone is composed of compact bone tissue? Answer:
Diaphysis.
Question: What structural functional unit of compact bone consists of concentric rings of
matrix surrounding a central canal? Answer: Osteon (Haversian system).
Question: What skeleton division includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic
cage? Answer: Axial skeleton.
Question: What immovable fibrous joints connect the bones of the skull? Answer:
Sutures.
Question: What fluid-filled sacs cushion joints and reduce friction between moving
parts? Answer: Bursae.
8th Edition by Barbara Herlihy All
chapters 1 to chapter 28 Questions and
correct answers
This document requires a systematic breakdown of human anatomy and physiology.
emphasizes foundational structural organization, body chemistry, cell biology, and all
major organ systems tailored for allied health and nursing students.
Chapters 1-3: Introduction, Chemistry, and Cells
Question: What anatomical term describes the study of the structure and shape of the
human body and its parts? Answer: Anatomy.
Question: What anatomical term describes the study of how the body and its parts work
or function? Answer: Physiology.
Question: What level of structural organization represents the smallest, basic units of all
living things? Answer: Chemical level.
Question: What body plane divides the body into right and left halves? Answer: Sagittal
plane.
Question: What body plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
portions? Answer: Frontal (coronal) plane.
Question: What body plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower)
portions? Answer: Transverse (horizontal) plane.
Question: Which major body cavity houses the brain and spinal cord? Answer: Dorsal
body cavity.
Question: Which major body cavity contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Answer: Ventral body cavity.
,Question: What homeostatic mechanism amplifies or accelerates the change taking
place, such as during childbirth blood clotting? Answer: Positive feedback loop.
Question: What homeostatic mechanism counteracts a change in a variable to bring the
body back to its normal set point? Answer: Negative feedback loop.
Question: What subatomic particles carry a positive charge and are located within the
atomic nucleus? Answer: Protons.
Question: What type of chemical bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from
one atom to another? Answer: Ionic bond.
Question: What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between
atoms? Answer: Covalent bond.
Question: On the pH scale, what numerical range designates an acidic solution?
Answer: Below 7.0.
Question: What organic compounds serve as the primary and immediate source of
cellular energy? Answer: Carbohydrates.
Question: What cellular organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it
generates ATP? Answer: Mitochondrion.
Question: What cellular organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste and
cellular debris? Answer: Lysosome.
Question: What passive transport process involves the movement of molecules from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration? Answer: Diffusion.
Question: What specific type of diffusion involves the passive movement of water across
a selectively permeable membrane? Answer: Osmosis.
Question: What active transport mechanism requires ATP to pump substances across
the cell membrane against their concentration gradient? Answer: Active transport pumps
(e.g., sodium-potassium pump).
Chapters 4-6: Tissues, Integumentary System, and
Skeletal System
Question: What primary tissue type covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, and
forms glands? Answer: Epithelial tissue.
Question: What primary tissue type supports, protects, and binds together other body
tissues? Answer: Connective tissue.
, Question: What type of muscle tissue is striated, voluntary, and responsible for body
movement? Answer: Skeletal muscle.
Question: What type of muscle tissue is non-striated, involuntary, and found within the
walls of hollow internal organs? Answer: Smooth muscle.
Question: What specialized nervous tissue cells support, insulate, and protect neurons?
Answer: Neuroglia (glial cells).
Question: What primary cutaneous membrane layer makes up the outermost layer of
the skin? Answer: Epidermis.
Question: What skin pigment produced by melanocytes protects against ultraviolet
radiation damage? Answer: Melanin.
Question: What accessory skin structure secretes an oily substance (sebum) into hair
follicles? Answer: Sebaceous gland.
Question: What type of sweat gland is widely distributed across the body and primarily
functions in temperature regulation via perspiration? Answer: Eccrine sweat gland.
Question: What Rule of Nines percentage is assigned to the entire anterior trunk of an
adult body? Answer: 18 percent.
Question: What specialized bone cells are responsible for building new bone matrix?
Answer: Osteoblasts.
Question: What specialized bone cells break down and resorb bone matrix? Answer:
Osteoclasts.
Question: What shaft of a long bone is composed of compact bone tissue? Answer:
Diaphysis.
Question: What structural functional unit of compact bone consists of concentric rings of
matrix surrounding a central canal? Answer: Osteon (Haversian system).
Question: What skeleton division includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic
cage? Answer: Axial skeleton.
Question: What immovable fibrous joints connect the bones of the skull? Answer:
Sutures.
Question: What fluid-filled sacs cushion joints and reduce friction between moving
parts? Answer: Bursae.
