NU 578 Unit 5 Exam Nursing
Comprehensive Advanced 2026/2027
– Questions and Answers | 100%
Verified | Detailed Rationales –
Guaranteed Pass – Already Graded A+
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Question 1
A nurse practitioner is evaluating a patient with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Which laboratory value best reflects glycemic control
over the previous 2–3 months?
A. Fasting plasma glucose
B. Random blood glucose
C. Hemoglobin A1c
D. Oral glucose tolerance test
Answer: C. Hemoglobin A1c
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose
levels over approximately 2–3 months and is the preferred
measure for long-term glycemic control.
,Question 2
A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which
adverse effect should the nurse practitioner monitor for?
A. Bradycardia
B. Persistent dry cough
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Constipation
Answer: B. Persistent dry cough
Rationale: ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril commonly cause a
persistent dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels.
Question 3
Which assessment finding is most concerning in a patient
presenting with chest pain?
A. Pain reproducible with palpation
B. Pain relieved by position change
C. Crushing substernal pain radiating to the left arm
D. Pain occurring after eating spicy foods
Answer: C. Crushing substernal pain radiating to the left arm
Rationale: This presentation is highly suggestive of myocardial
ischemia or acute coronary syndrome and requires immediate
evaluation.
Question 4
A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia.
Which assessment finding is most characteristic?
,A. Hyperactive bowel sounds
B. Productive cough and crackles
C. Bilateral lower-extremity edema
D. Painless hematuria
Answer: B. Productive cough and crackles
Rationale: Pneumonia commonly presents with fever, productive
cough, crackles, and dyspnea.
Question 5
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
loop diuretic therapy?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase urinary potassium excretion,
placing patients at risk for hypokalemia.
Question 6
A patient reports fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.
Which disorder is most likely?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Cushing syndrome
D. Addison disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
, Rationale: Hypothyroidism commonly presents with fatigue,
weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and constipation.
Question 7
Which finding is expected in iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Elevated hemoglobin
B. Macrocytic red blood cells
C. Microcytic hypochromic red blood cells
D. Elevated vitamin B12 level
Answer: C. Microcytic hypochromic red blood cells
Rationale: Iron-deficiency anemia produces small, pale red
blood cells due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis.
Question 8
A patient with chronic kidney disease should be monitored
closely for:
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Reduced renal function impairs potassium excretion,
increasing the risk of hyperkalemia.
Question 9
Which symptom is most commonly associated with heart
failure?
Comprehensive Advanced 2026/2027
– Questions and Answers | 100%
Verified | Detailed Rationales –
Guaranteed Pass – Already Graded A+
(INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF)
Question 1
A nurse practitioner is evaluating a patient with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Which laboratory value best reflects glycemic control
over the previous 2–3 months?
A. Fasting plasma glucose
B. Random blood glucose
C. Hemoglobin A1c
D. Oral glucose tolerance test
Answer: C. Hemoglobin A1c
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose
levels over approximately 2–3 months and is the preferred
measure for long-term glycemic control.
,Question 2
A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which
adverse effect should the nurse practitioner monitor for?
A. Bradycardia
B. Persistent dry cough
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Constipation
Answer: B. Persistent dry cough
Rationale: ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril commonly cause a
persistent dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels.
Question 3
Which assessment finding is most concerning in a patient
presenting with chest pain?
A. Pain reproducible with palpation
B. Pain relieved by position change
C. Crushing substernal pain radiating to the left arm
D. Pain occurring after eating spicy foods
Answer: C. Crushing substernal pain radiating to the left arm
Rationale: This presentation is highly suggestive of myocardial
ischemia or acute coronary syndrome and requires immediate
evaluation.
Question 4
A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia.
Which assessment finding is most characteristic?
,A. Hyperactive bowel sounds
B. Productive cough and crackles
C. Bilateral lower-extremity edema
D. Painless hematuria
Answer: B. Productive cough and crackles
Rationale: Pneumonia commonly presents with fever, productive
cough, crackles, and dyspnea.
Question 5
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
loop diuretic therapy?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase urinary potassium excretion,
placing patients at risk for hypokalemia.
Question 6
A patient reports fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.
Which disorder is most likely?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Cushing syndrome
D. Addison disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
, Rationale: Hypothyroidism commonly presents with fatigue,
weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and constipation.
Question 7
Which finding is expected in iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Elevated hemoglobin
B. Macrocytic red blood cells
C. Microcytic hypochromic red blood cells
D. Elevated vitamin B12 level
Answer: C. Microcytic hypochromic red blood cells
Rationale: Iron-deficiency anemia produces small, pale red
blood cells due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis.
Question 8
A patient with chronic kidney disease should be monitored
closely for:
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: C. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Reduced renal function impairs potassium excretion,
increasing the risk of hyperkalemia.
Question 9
Which symptom is most commonly associated with heart
failure?
