CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 14TH
EDITION BY PATRICK J 2026 STUDY GUIDE
REVISION SHEET CORE CONCEPT
BREAKDOWN
◉ Reasoning.
Answer: Reasoning is drawing proper conclusions from other
information.
◉ Law of Excluded Middle.
Answer: Any statement is either true or false.
◉ Law of Identity.
Answer: If a statement is true, then it is true
◉ Law of Noncontradiction.
Answer: A statement cannot be both true and false.
◉ Formal Logic.
Answer: Deals with the proper modes of reasoning.
,◉ Informal Logic.
Answer: Deals with operations of thinking that are indirectly related
to reasoning.
◉ Induction.
Answer: Reasoning with probability from examples to general rules.
◉ Deduction.
Answer: Reasoning with certainty from premises to conclusions.
◉ Categorical Logic.
Answer: Deals with syllogism, a type of deductive argument in which
the conclusion connect one category with another.
◉ Propositional Logic.
Answer: Connects entire propositions together in arguments.
◉ Term.
Answer: A concept that is expresses precisely in words.
◉ Definition.
Answer: A statement that gives the meaning of the term.
, ◉ Relationships.
Answer: Show similarities when terms are defined properly.
◉ Ambiguous.
Answer: Has more than one definition.
◉ Vague.
Answer: One whose extent is unclear.
◉ Lexical Definition.
Answer: A definition that shows relationships or reduces ambiguity
by providing a single, established meaning of a term.
◉ Precising Definition.
Answer: Making a statement, question, or command less vague by
making it more precise.
◉ Stipulative Definition.
Answer: When a new word is invented, or an existing word is
applied in a new way.
EDITION BY PATRICK J 2026 STUDY GUIDE
REVISION SHEET CORE CONCEPT
BREAKDOWN
◉ Reasoning.
Answer: Reasoning is drawing proper conclusions from other
information.
◉ Law of Excluded Middle.
Answer: Any statement is either true or false.
◉ Law of Identity.
Answer: If a statement is true, then it is true
◉ Law of Noncontradiction.
Answer: A statement cannot be both true and false.
◉ Formal Logic.
Answer: Deals with the proper modes of reasoning.
,◉ Informal Logic.
Answer: Deals with operations of thinking that are indirectly related
to reasoning.
◉ Induction.
Answer: Reasoning with probability from examples to general rules.
◉ Deduction.
Answer: Reasoning with certainty from premises to conclusions.
◉ Categorical Logic.
Answer: Deals with syllogism, a type of deductive argument in which
the conclusion connect one category with another.
◉ Propositional Logic.
Answer: Connects entire propositions together in arguments.
◉ Term.
Answer: A concept that is expresses precisely in words.
◉ Definition.
Answer: A statement that gives the meaning of the term.
, ◉ Relationships.
Answer: Show similarities when terms are defined properly.
◉ Ambiguous.
Answer: Has more than one definition.
◉ Vague.
Answer: One whose extent is unclear.
◉ Lexical Definition.
Answer: A definition that shows relationships or reduces ambiguity
by providing a single, established meaning of a term.
◉ Precising Definition.
Answer: Making a statement, question, or command less vague by
making it more precise.
◉ Stipulative Definition.
Answer: When a new word is invented, or an existing word is
applied in a new way.
