STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 ACCURATE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
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Description: This comprehensive revision set contains 200 multiple-choice questions
(MCQs) covering basic dysrhythmia interpretation, including sinus rhythms, atrial
rhythms, junctional rhythms, ventricular rhythms, heart blocks, pacemaker
rhythms, and emergency management. Each question includes the correct answer
marked with ✅ and a brief explanation to reinforce understanding for the Relias
Dysrhythmia Basic A exam.
Key Words: Relias Dysrhythmia, Basic A, ECG interpretation, sinus rhythm, atrial
fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, heart blocks, pacemaker, ACLS, nursing exam, 2025,
2026.
Section 1: Sinus Rhythms (Questions 1–25)
1. What is the normal heart rate range for normal sinus rhythm (NSR)?
A. 40–60 bpm
B. 60–100 bpm ✅
C. 100–150 bpm
D. 150–250 bpm
Explanation: NSR originates in the SA node at 60–100 bpm.
,2. Which wave represents atrial depolarization on an ECG?
A. QRS complex
B. T wave
C. P wave ✅
D. U wave
Explanation: The P wave reflects atrial depolarization.
3. In sinus bradycardia, the heart rate is:
A. Less than 60 bpm ✅
B. 60–100 bpm
C. 100–150 bpm
D. Greater than 150 bpm
Explanation: Sinus bradycardia is defined as <60 bpm with normal P waves.
4. What is the first intervention for a symptomatic patient with sinus bradycardia?
A. Defibrillation
B. Atropine 0.5 mg IV ✅
C. Adenosine 6 mg IV
D. Amiodarone 150 mg IV
Explanation: Atropine is first-line for symptomatic bradycardia.
5. Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate of:
A. <60 bpm
B. 60–100 bpm
C. 100–150 bpm ✅
D. 150–250 bpm
Explanation: Sinus tachycardia is >100 bpm, typically 100–150 bpm.
6. Which of the following is a common cause of sinus tachycardia?
A. Hypothermia
B. Fever ✅
C. Hyperkalemia
,D. Vagal stimulation
Explanation: Fever, pain, and anxiety commonly cause sinus tachycardia.
7. In sinus arrhythmia, what varies with the respiratory cycle?
A. QRS width
B. PR interval
C. Heart rate ✅
D. T wave height
Explanation: Sinus arrhythmia causes phasic heart rate variation with breathing.
8. Which rhythm has a normal P wave before every QRS?
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Sinus rhythm ✅
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Junctional rhythm
Explanation: Sinus rhythm has a consistent P wave before each QRS.
9. What is the normal PR interval duration?
A. 0.04–0.12 sec
B. 0.12–0.20 sec ✅
C. 0.20–0.28 sec
D. 0.28–0.36 sec
Explanation: Normal PR interval is 0.12–0.20 seconds.
10. What is the normal QRS duration?
A. <0.12 sec ✅
B. 0.12–0.20 sec
C. 0.20–0.28 sec
D. >0.28 sec
Explanation: Normal QRS is less than 0.12 seconds.
11. Sinus arrest is characterized by:
A. Progressive PR prolongation
, B. Pause in sinus rhythm ✅
C. No P waves
D. Chaotic atrial activity
Explanation: Sinus arrest is a pause in SA node firing.
12. What is the treatment for symptomatic sinus arrest?
A. Atropine ✅
B. Adenosine
C. Defibrillation
D. Nitroglycerin
Explanation: Atropine is used for symptomatic sinus arrest.
13. Which rhythm is considered a normal variant in athletes?
A. Sinus bradycardia ✅
B. Atrial flutter
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Atrial fibrillation
Explanation: Sinus bradycardia is common in well-trained athletes.
14. What does the T wave represent?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization ✅
D. Atrial repolarization
Explanation: The T wave reflects ventricular repolarization.
15. Which of the following is NOT a cause of sinus bradycardia?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Beta-blockers
C. Exercise ✅
D. Increased intracranial pressure
Explanation: Exercise causes tachycardia, not bradycardia.