Veterinary Internal Medicine
Complete Study Guide & Exam
Review 2026/2027 | Practice
Questions and Answers
Description: This comprehensive revision guide contains 200 multiple-choice
questions (MCQs) covering all major topics in Veterinary Internal Medicine, including
cardiology, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatology, nephrology/urology,
endocrinology, hematology, oncology, infectious diseases, immunology,
neurology, dermatology, and emergency/critical care. Each question is followed by
the correct answer marked with ✅, making it ideal for exam preparation, self-
assessment, and clinical revision.
Keywords: Veterinary Internal Medicine, MCQ, Exam Review, Veterinary Cardiology,
Veterinary Neurology, Veterinary Endocrinology, Veterinary Nephrology, Small Animal
Medicine, Large Animal Medicine, Veterinary Board Exam, Practice Questions, 2026,
2027.
SECTION 1: CARDIOLOGY (Q1–Q25)
Q1. Which of the following is the most common acquired heart disease in dogs?
A) Dilated cardiomyopathy
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Myxomatous mitral valve disease ✅
D) Pericardial effusion
,Q2. Which dog breed is most predisposed to dilated cardiomyopathy?
A) Poodle
B) Doberman Pinscher ✅
C) Yorkshire Terrier
D) Shih Tzu
Q3. What is the most common arrhythmia in horses with atrial fibrillation?
A) Ventricular tachycardia
B) Atrial fibrillation ✅
C) Second-degree AV block
D) Sinus bradycardia
Q4. Which of the following is a classic radiographic sign of left-sided congestive heart
failure in dogs?
A) Right atrial enlargement
B) Pulmonary edema ✅
C) Pleural effusion
D) Ascites
Q5. Which drug is first-line for emergency treatment of acute pulmonary edema in
dogs?
A) Enalapril
B) Furosemide ✅
C) Digoxin
D) Atenolol
Q6. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats is characterized by:
A) Left ventricular dilation
B) Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle ✅
C) Right ventricular hypertrophy
D) Pericardial effusion
,Q7. Which of the following is the most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs?
A) Congestive heart failure
B) Hemangiosarcoma of the right atrium ✅
C) Bacterial pericarditis
D) Trauma
Q8. Which ECG finding is characteristic of hyperkalemia?
A) Tall, tented T waves ✅
B) Prominent Q waves
C) ST elevation
D) Prolonged QT interval
Q9. Which of the following is a positive inotrope used in veterinary medicine?
A) Pimobendan ✅
B) Furosemide
C) Spironolactone
D) Benazepril
Q10. Which congenital heart defect is most common in dogs?
A) Ventricular septal defect
B) Patent ductus arteriosus ✅
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Atrial septal defect
Q11. Which breed is predisposed to subaortic stenosis?
A) Golden Retriever
B) Newfoundland ✅
C) Dachshund
D) Beagle
Q12. Which of the following is a common clinical sign of right-sided heart failure?
A) Pulmonary edema
B) Ascites ✅
, C) Cough
D) Tachypnea
Q13. Which diagnostic test is the gold standard for evaluating cardiac function?
A) Radiography
B) Echocardiography ✅
C) ECG
D) Thoracocentesis
Q14. Which of the following is a common cause of syncope in dogs with cardiac
disease?
A) Aortic stenosis ✅
B) Mitral valve disease
C) Pericardial effusion
D) Heartworm disease
Q15. Which parasite causes heartworm disease?
A) Dirofilaria immitis ✅
B) Toxocara canis
C) Ancylostoma caninum
D) Trichuris vulpis
Q16. Which of the following is a common side effect of digoxin?
A) Hypertension
B) Arrhythmias ✅
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Polyuria
Q17. Which of the following is a characteristic of feline arterial thromboembolism?
A) Hind limb paralysis ✅
B) Forelimb edema
C) Jaundice
D) Hematuria
Complete Study Guide & Exam
Review 2026/2027 | Practice
Questions and Answers
Description: This comprehensive revision guide contains 200 multiple-choice
questions (MCQs) covering all major topics in Veterinary Internal Medicine, including
cardiology, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatology, nephrology/urology,
endocrinology, hematology, oncology, infectious diseases, immunology,
neurology, dermatology, and emergency/critical care. Each question is followed by
the correct answer marked with ✅, making it ideal for exam preparation, self-
assessment, and clinical revision.
Keywords: Veterinary Internal Medicine, MCQ, Exam Review, Veterinary Cardiology,
Veterinary Neurology, Veterinary Endocrinology, Veterinary Nephrology, Small Animal
Medicine, Large Animal Medicine, Veterinary Board Exam, Practice Questions, 2026,
2027.
SECTION 1: CARDIOLOGY (Q1–Q25)
Q1. Which of the following is the most common acquired heart disease in dogs?
A) Dilated cardiomyopathy
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Myxomatous mitral valve disease ✅
D) Pericardial effusion
,Q2. Which dog breed is most predisposed to dilated cardiomyopathy?
A) Poodle
B) Doberman Pinscher ✅
C) Yorkshire Terrier
D) Shih Tzu
Q3. What is the most common arrhythmia in horses with atrial fibrillation?
A) Ventricular tachycardia
B) Atrial fibrillation ✅
C) Second-degree AV block
D) Sinus bradycardia
Q4. Which of the following is a classic radiographic sign of left-sided congestive heart
failure in dogs?
A) Right atrial enlargement
B) Pulmonary edema ✅
C) Pleural effusion
D) Ascites
Q5. Which drug is first-line for emergency treatment of acute pulmonary edema in
dogs?
A) Enalapril
B) Furosemide ✅
C) Digoxin
D) Atenolol
Q6. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats is characterized by:
A) Left ventricular dilation
B) Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle ✅
C) Right ventricular hypertrophy
D) Pericardial effusion
,Q7. Which of the following is the most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs?
A) Congestive heart failure
B) Hemangiosarcoma of the right atrium ✅
C) Bacterial pericarditis
D) Trauma
Q8. Which ECG finding is characteristic of hyperkalemia?
A) Tall, tented T waves ✅
B) Prominent Q waves
C) ST elevation
D) Prolonged QT interval
Q9. Which of the following is a positive inotrope used in veterinary medicine?
A) Pimobendan ✅
B) Furosemide
C) Spironolactone
D) Benazepril
Q10. Which congenital heart defect is most common in dogs?
A) Ventricular septal defect
B) Patent ductus arteriosus ✅
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Atrial septal defect
Q11. Which breed is predisposed to subaortic stenosis?
A) Golden Retriever
B) Newfoundland ✅
C) Dachshund
D) Beagle
Q12. Which of the following is a common clinical sign of right-sided heart failure?
A) Pulmonary edema
B) Ascites ✅
, C) Cough
D) Tachypnea
Q13. Which diagnostic test is the gold standard for evaluating cardiac function?
A) Radiography
B) Echocardiography ✅
C) ECG
D) Thoracocentesis
Q14. Which of the following is a common cause of syncope in dogs with cardiac
disease?
A) Aortic stenosis ✅
B) Mitral valve disease
C) Pericardial effusion
D) Heartworm disease
Q15. Which parasite causes heartworm disease?
A) Dirofilaria immitis ✅
B) Toxocara canis
C) Ancylostoma caninum
D) Trichuris vulpis
Q16. Which of the following is a common side effect of digoxin?
A) Hypertension
B) Arrhythmias ✅
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Polyuria
Q17. Which of the following is a characteristic of feline arterial thromboembolism?
A) Hind limb paralysis ✅
B) Forelimb edema
C) Jaundice
D) Hematuria
