NUR2063 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 GUIDE
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS _RASMUSSEN
What is Bioavailability
the percentage of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation
Bioavailability for IV administered drugs is what %
100%, why? Direct bloodstream/vein contact
After a pill is taken by mouth what organ has a major impact on its
bioavailability
Absorption- most oral drugs are absorbed through the action of mucosal villi
in the small intestine. If the villi are damaged by disease or surgical
intervention, the absorption of the drug is delayed or does not occur.
High fat foods increase what?
absorption time
Exercise can decrease drug absorption because:
blood flow is in peripheral muscles instead of GI tract
Protein binding is what?
,Protein Binding- As drugs circulate in the blood and plasma, some of them
have a high affinity for binding to the plasma proteins. Drugs that are stuck
onto the proteins, aren't free to go to their target receptor sites and do their
jobs.
If a patient is on two drugs that are both strongly protein bound what
happens?
They compete for binding sites on the protein, which means more free drugs
will be released into active circulation, which can lead to accumulation and
toxicity.
The blood brain barrier is what?
Blood Brain Barrier- a filtering mechanism of the capillaries that carry blood
to the brain and spinal cord tissue, blocking the passage of certain
substances.
Excretion/Elimination- Accomplished mostly through where?
the kidneys
Peak is what?
when the drug reaches its highest plasma or blood concentration
Pharmacodynamics Phase is what?
the way the drug affects the body
,Onset is what?
the time until minimum effective action
Duration of Action is what
the length of the time the drug has a pharmalogic effect
Receptor Theory is what
Drugs act through receptors to produce or block a response. The better a
drug fits at the receptor site, the more biologically active it is, like a key
fitting into a lock.
Agonists examples
Drugs that produce a response are agonists
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Antagonist Examples
Drugs that prevent or block a response are called antagonists Example:
Histamine receptor antagonist (Atropine)
Peak is what
the point at which plasma drug levels are highest
, Trough is what
point at which plasma drug levels are lowest.
Loading Dose is what
Given to achieve a rapid minimum effective concentration in the plasma.
After the loading dose is given, a prescribed daily dose is provided.
Brand Names are what?
Drug manufactures choose the brand names of their products. There can be
many brands of a particular drug.
Additive Effect
when two drugs with similar action are administered
Additive effect BAD example
Undesired Effect- Hydralazine & nitroglycerine
Additive effect GOOD example
Desired effect: Beta blocker & diuretic, aspirin & codeine
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS _RASMUSSEN
What is Bioavailability
the percentage of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation
Bioavailability for IV administered drugs is what %
100%, why? Direct bloodstream/vein contact
After a pill is taken by mouth what organ has a major impact on its
bioavailability
Absorption- most oral drugs are absorbed through the action of mucosal villi
in the small intestine. If the villi are damaged by disease or surgical
intervention, the absorption of the drug is delayed or does not occur.
High fat foods increase what?
absorption time
Exercise can decrease drug absorption because:
blood flow is in peripheral muscles instead of GI tract
Protein binding is what?
,Protein Binding- As drugs circulate in the blood and plasma, some of them
have a high affinity for binding to the plasma proteins. Drugs that are stuck
onto the proteins, aren't free to go to their target receptor sites and do their
jobs.
If a patient is on two drugs that are both strongly protein bound what
happens?
They compete for binding sites on the protein, which means more free drugs
will be released into active circulation, which can lead to accumulation and
toxicity.
The blood brain barrier is what?
Blood Brain Barrier- a filtering mechanism of the capillaries that carry blood
to the brain and spinal cord tissue, blocking the passage of certain
substances.
Excretion/Elimination- Accomplished mostly through where?
the kidneys
Peak is what?
when the drug reaches its highest plasma or blood concentration
Pharmacodynamics Phase is what?
the way the drug affects the body
,Onset is what?
the time until minimum effective action
Duration of Action is what
the length of the time the drug has a pharmalogic effect
Receptor Theory is what
Drugs act through receptors to produce or block a response. The better a
drug fits at the receptor site, the more biologically active it is, like a key
fitting into a lock.
Agonists examples
Drugs that produce a response are agonists
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Antagonist Examples
Drugs that prevent or block a response are called antagonists Example:
Histamine receptor antagonist (Atropine)
Peak is what
the point at which plasma drug levels are highest
, Trough is what
point at which plasma drug levels are lowest.
Loading Dose is what
Given to achieve a rapid minimum effective concentration in the plasma.
After the loading dose is given, a prescribed daily dose is provided.
Brand Names are what?
Drug manufactures choose the brand names of their products. There can be
many brands of a particular drug.
Additive Effect
when two drugs with similar action are administered
Additive effect BAD example
Undesired Effect- Hydralazine & nitroglycerine
Additive effect GOOD example
Desired effect: Beta blocker & diuretic, aspirin & codeine
