NURS 6111 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NURS 6111
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Na normal lab value - Correct answer ✔✔ 135-145
K normal lab value - Correct answer ✔✔ 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value - Correct answer ✔✔ 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value - Correct answer ✔✔ 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K - Correct answer ✔✔ excessive thirst, increased urination,
muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg - Correct answer ✔✔ muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by - Correct answer ✔✔ converting a strong
acid or base to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions - Correct answer ✔✔ Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated
reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks healthy RBC
thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause tissue
damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve
antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
, Prematurity - Correct answer ✔✔ baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age,
multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical
findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) - Correct answer ✔✔ babies born before 28 weeks, caused
by lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) - Correct answer ✔✔ babies born before 32 weeks, caused by
damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended
abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) - Correct answer ✔✔ common between 1-4 months of
age, most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface,
occurs in boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome - Correct answer ✔✔ Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair
of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The
degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-Willi
syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in their
routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development,
cognitive disabilities, problem behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to
excessive eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome - Correct answer ✔✔ caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects
the heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad:
conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip,
hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody - Correct answer ✔✔ inhibit the passage of alien substances that
attempt to enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Na normal lab value - Correct answer ✔✔ 135-145
K normal lab value - Correct answer ✔✔ 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value - Correct answer ✔✔ 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value - Correct answer ✔✔ 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K - Correct answer ✔✔ excessive thirst, increased urination,
muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg - Correct answer ✔✔ muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by - Correct answer ✔✔ converting a strong
acid or base to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions - Correct answer ✔✔ Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated
reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks healthy RBC
thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause tissue
damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve
antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
, Prematurity - Correct answer ✔✔ baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age,
multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical
findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) - Correct answer ✔✔ babies born before 28 weeks, caused
by lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) - Correct answer ✔✔ babies born before 32 weeks, caused by
damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended
abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) - Correct answer ✔✔ common between 1-4 months of
age, most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface,
occurs in boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome - Correct answer ✔✔ Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair
of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The
degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-Willi
syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in their
routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development,
cognitive disabilities, problem behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to
excessive eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome - Correct answer ✔✔ caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects
the heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad:
conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip,
hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody - Correct answer ✔✔ inhibit the passage of alien substances that
attempt to enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
