PORTH'S ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5TH EDITION BY NORRIS ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ The ? contains the neuronal circuits that mediate a variety of
reflexes and automatic rhythmic movements.
Answer: spinal cord
◉ Most reflexes are?, meaning that they involve one or more
interposed interneurons.
Answer: polysynaptic
◉ The medial descending system of the brain stem contribute to the
control of ? by integrating visual, vestibular, and somatosensory
information.
Answer: posture
◉ The ? is the highest level of motor function.
Answer: cortex
◉ The primary ? cortex is located on the rostral surface and adjacent
portions of the central sulcus.
,Answer: motor
◉ The ? and ? provide feedback circuits that regulate cortical and
brain stem motor areas.
Answer: cerebellum, basal ganglia
◉ Cerebellar ? are involved with the timing and coordination of
movements that are in progress and with learning of motor skills.
Answer: circuits
◉ The ?, which are distributed throughout the belly of a muscle,
relay information about muscle length and rate of stretch.
Answer: muscle spindles
◉ ? are found in muscle tendons and transmit information about
muscle tension or force of contraction at the junction of the muscle
and tendon that attaches to bone.
Answer: Golgi tendon organs
◉ Stretch reflexes tend to be hypoactive or absent in cases of ? nerve
damage or ventral horn injury involving the test area.
Answer: peripheral
, ◉ Abnormalities in any part of the ? pathway can produce muscle
weakness.
Answer: motor
◉ Muscular ? usually results from LMN lesions as well as diseases of
the muscle themselves.
Answer: atrophy
◉ Any interruption of the myotatic or stretch reflex circuitry by
peripheral nerve injury, pathology of the neuromuscular junction,
injury to the spinal cord, or damage to the corticospinal system can
result in disturbances of ?.
Answer: muscle tone
◉ Hyperactive reflexes are suggestive of a(n) ? disorder.
Answer: upper motor neuron
◉ ? suggests the presence of an LMN lesion.
Answer: Hyporefexia
◉ Disorders affecting the nerve cell body are often referred to as ? ;
those affecting the nerve axon, as ? neuropathies; and primary
disorders affecting the muscle fibers as ?.
Answer: Lower motor neuron disorders, peripheral, myopathies
5TH EDITION BY NORRIS ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ The ? contains the neuronal circuits that mediate a variety of
reflexes and automatic rhythmic movements.
Answer: spinal cord
◉ Most reflexes are?, meaning that they involve one or more
interposed interneurons.
Answer: polysynaptic
◉ The medial descending system of the brain stem contribute to the
control of ? by integrating visual, vestibular, and somatosensory
information.
Answer: posture
◉ The ? is the highest level of motor function.
Answer: cortex
◉ The primary ? cortex is located on the rostral surface and adjacent
portions of the central sulcus.
,Answer: motor
◉ The ? and ? provide feedback circuits that regulate cortical and
brain stem motor areas.
Answer: cerebellum, basal ganglia
◉ Cerebellar ? are involved with the timing and coordination of
movements that are in progress and with learning of motor skills.
Answer: circuits
◉ The ?, which are distributed throughout the belly of a muscle,
relay information about muscle length and rate of stretch.
Answer: muscle spindles
◉ ? are found in muscle tendons and transmit information about
muscle tension or force of contraction at the junction of the muscle
and tendon that attaches to bone.
Answer: Golgi tendon organs
◉ Stretch reflexes tend to be hypoactive or absent in cases of ? nerve
damage or ventral horn injury involving the test area.
Answer: peripheral
, ◉ Abnormalities in any part of the ? pathway can produce muscle
weakness.
Answer: motor
◉ Muscular ? usually results from LMN lesions as well as diseases of
the muscle themselves.
Answer: atrophy
◉ Any interruption of the myotatic or stretch reflex circuitry by
peripheral nerve injury, pathology of the neuromuscular junction,
injury to the spinal cord, or damage to the corticospinal system can
result in disturbances of ?.
Answer: muscle tone
◉ Hyperactive reflexes are suggestive of a(n) ? disorder.
Answer: upper motor neuron
◉ ? suggests the presence of an LMN lesion.
Answer: Hyporefexia
◉ Disorders affecting the nerve cell body are often referred to as ? ;
those affecting the nerve axon, as ? neuropathies; and primary
disorders affecting the muscle fibers as ?.
Answer: Lower motor neuron disorders, peripheral, myopathies
