BIOD171 or BIOL271 Microbiology w/Lab 2025 | Module 2 Exam Review |
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1. What term describes all chemical reactions occurring within a cell?
■ Metabolism
• Homeostasis
• Taxonomy
• Osmosis
2. Which pathway generally builds larger molecules from smaller molecules?
• Catabolism
■ Anabolism
• Fermentation
• Oxidation
3. Which pathway generally breaks complex molecules into simpler molecules?
• Anabolism
■ Catabolism
• Translation
• Replication
4. What is the primary cellular role of ATP?
• Long-term genetic storage
■ Immediate energy transfer
• Cell wall synthesis only
• Oxygen transport
5. What molecule is produced when ATP loses one phosphate group?
• DNA
Original Module 2 practice questions • Page 1
,■ ADP
• NADH
• FAD
6. A molecule that loses electrons has undergone what process?
• Reduction
■ Oxidation
• Hydrolysis
• Phosphorylation
7. A molecule that gains electrons has undergone what process?
• Oxidation
■ Reduction
• Dehydration
• Fermentation
8. Which pair forms a classic redox couple in cellular metabolism?
■ NAD■/NADH
• DNA/RNA
• ATP/DNA
• CO■/O■ only
9. Most cellular enzymes are chemically classified as what?
■ Proteins
• Lipids
• Polysaccharides
• Nucleic acids
10. What region of an enzyme binds its substrate?
■ Active site
• Nucleoid
• Capsule
• Ribosome
11. What do enzymes primarily do to reaction activation energy?
• Increase it
■ Lower it
• Reverse it permanently
• Convert it to ATP
12. What happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a reaction?
• It is normally consumed
■ It is normally available for reuse
• It becomes DNA
• It always becomes denatured
13. What term describes a helper ion required by some enzymes?
■ Cofactor
Original Module 2 practice questions • Page 2
,• Substrate
• Product
• Inhibitor
14. Which is an example of a coenzyme?
■ NAD■
• Cellulose
• Peptidoglycan
• Oxygen only
15. What is likely to happen to an enzyme exposed to extreme heat?
■ Denaturation
• Replication
• Translation
• Sporulation
16. A competitive inhibitor usually binds where?
■ The active site
• The DNA backbone
• The cell membrane only
• The ATP synthase rotor
17. What is allosteric regulation?
■ Regulation by binding at a site other than the active site
• Breakdown of DNA
• Movement of cells
• Protein digestion
18. Which bond arrangement makes ATP useful for energy transfer?
■ Its phosphoanhydride bonds
• Its peptide bonds
• Its glycosidic bonds only
• Its base pairing
19. ATP hydrolysis produces which pair?
■ ADP and inorganic phosphate
• AMP and DNA
• NADH and oxygen
• Glucose and CO■
20. What does phosphorylation mean in metabolism?
■ Addition of a phosphate group
• Removal of all proteins
• Addition of oxygen only
• Breakdown of DNA
21. Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers phosphate to what?
■ ADP
Original Module 2 practice questions • Page 3
, • DNA
• Oxygen
• NAD■
22. Oxidative phosphorylation depends on what major membrane-associated process?
■ Electron transport and a proton gradient
• DNA replication
• Peptide bond cleavage
• Binary fission
23. Photophosphorylation is associated with what energy source?
■ Light
• Glucose only
• Peptidoglycan
• Nitrogen gas
24. Which carrier commonly transports high-energy electrons to respiratory pathways?
■ NADH
• ATPase
• CO■
• H■O
25. Which oxidized carrier accepts electrons to become NADH?
■ NAD■
• ATP
• FADH■
• O■
26. Where does glycolysis occur in a prokaryotic cell?
■ Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Mitochondrial matrix
• Golgi apparatus
27. Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
■ Cytosol
• Nucleus
• Chloroplast lumen
• Lysosome
28. What molecule begins glycolysis?
■ Glucose
• Pyruvate
• Lactate
• Acetyl-CoA
29. What is the net ATP yield of glycolysis per glucose?
■ 2 ATP
Original Module 2 practice questions • Page 4
LockDown Browser | Portage Learning
1. What term describes all chemical reactions occurring within a cell?
■ Metabolism
• Homeostasis
• Taxonomy
• Osmosis
2. Which pathway generally builds larger molecules from smaller molecules?
• Catabolism
■ Anabolism
• Fermentation
• Oxidation
3. Which pathway generally breaks complex molecules into simpler molecules?
• Anabolism
■ Catabolism
• Translation
• Replication
4. What is the primary cellular role of ATP?
• Long-term genetic storage
■ Immediate energy transfer
• Cell wall synthesis only
• Oxygen transport
5. What molecule is produced when ATP loses one phosphate group?
• DNA
Original Module 2 practice questions • Page 1
,■ ADP
• NADH
• FAD
6. A molecule that loses electrons has undergone what process?
• Reduction
■ Oxidation
• Hydrolysis
• Phosphorylation
7. A molecule that gains electrons has undergone what process?
• Oxidation
■ Reduction
• Dehydration
• Fermentation
8. Which pair forms a classic redox couple in cellular metabolism?
■ NAD■/NADH
• DNA/RNA
• ATP/DNA
• CO■/O■ only
9. Most cellular enzymes are chemically classified as what?
■ Proteins
• Lipids
• Polysaccharides
• Nucleic acids
10. What region of an enzyme binds its substrate?
■ Active site
• Nucleoid
• Capsule
• Ribosome
11. What do enzymes primarily do to reaction activation energy?
• Increase it
■ Lower it
• Reverse it permanently
• Convert it to ATP
12. What happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a reaction?
• It is normally consumed
■ It is normally available for reuse
• It becomes DNA
• It always becomes denatured
13. What term describes a helper ion required by some enzymes?
■ Cofactor
Original Module 2 practice questions • Page 2
,• Substrate
• Product
• Inhibitor
14. Which is an example of a coenzyme?
■ NAD■
• Cellulose
• Peptidoglycan
• Oxygen only
15. What is likely to happen to an enzyme exposed to extreme heat?
■ Denaturation
• Replication
• Translation
• Sporulation
16. A competitive inhibitor usually binds where?
■ The active site
• The DNA backbone
• The cell membrane only
• The ATP synthase rotor
17. What is allosteric regulation?
■ Regulation by binding at a site other than the active site
• Breakdown of DNA
• Movement of cells
• Protein digestion
18. Which bond arrangement makes ATP useful for energy transfer?
■ Its phosphoanhydride bonds
• Its peptide bonds
• Its glycosidic bonds only
• Its base pairing
19. ATP hydrolysis produces which pair?
■ ADP and inorganic phosphate
• AMP and DNA
• NADH and oxygen
• Glucose and CO■
20. What does phosphorylation mean in metabolism?
■ Addition of a phosphate group
• Removal of all proteins
• Addition of oxygen only
• Breakdown of DNA
21. Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers phosphate to what?
■ ADP
Original Module 2 practice questions • Page 3
, • DNA
• Oxygen
• NAD■
22. Oxidative phosphorylation depends on what major membrane-associated process?
■ Electron transport and a proton gradient
• DNA replication
• Peptide bond cleavage
• Binary fission
23. Photophosphorylation is associated with what energy source?
■ Light
• Glucose only
• Peptidoglycan
• Nitrogen gas
24. Which carrier commonly transports high-energy electrons to respiratory pathways?
■ NADH
• ATPase
• CO■
• H■O
25. Which oxidized carrier accepts electrons to become NADH?
■ NAD■
• ATP
• FADH■
• O■
26. Where does glycolysis occur in a prokaryotic cell?
■ Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Mitochondrial matrix
• Golgi apparatus
27. Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
■ Cytosol
• Nucleus
• Chloroplast lumen
• Lysosome
28. What molecule begins glycolysis?
■ Glucose
• Pyruvate
• Lactate
• Acetyl-CoA
29. What is the net ATP yield of glycolysis per glucose?
■ 2 ATP
Original Module 2 practice questions • Page 4
