NU 606 Exam 3 Advanced Pathophysiology
Regis College 2026/2027 | Questions and
Verified Answers with Detailed Rationales |
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Question 1
A patient with left-sided heart failure is most likely to develop
which clinical manifestation first?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Ascites
C. Pulmonary congestion
D. Hepatomegaly
Answer: C. Pulmonary congestion
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into
the pulmonary circulation, leading to pulmonary congestion,
dyspnea, and crackles before systemic manifestations develop.
Question 2
Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing water
reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Cortisol
D. Renin
,Answer: B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Rationale: ADH acts on the collecting ducts to increase water
permeability, resulting in greater water reabsorption and more
concentrated urine.
Question 3
A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia primarily
because of decreased production of:
A. Erythropoietin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Ferritin
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: A. Erythropoietin
Rationale: Damaged kidneys produce less erythropoietin,
reducing red blood cell production in the bone marrow and
leading to anemia.
Question 4
What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism responsible
for Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Peripheral insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
,C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Increased cortisol production
Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune-mediated
destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, causing absolute
insulin deficiency.
Question 5
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
cardiac dysrhythmias?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypermagnesemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyperphosphatemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Potassium plays a critical role in cardiac electrical
conduction. Low potassium levels increase the risk of
arrhythmias.
Question 6
The hallmark pathologic change in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) is:
, A. Restrictive lung expansion
B. Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
C. Pulmonary embolism formation
D. Pleural effusion development
Answer: B. Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
Rationale: COPD is characterized by chronic airflow
obstruction resulting from emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or
both.
Question 7
A patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
secretion (SIADH) is expected to have:
A. Hypernatremia
B. Polyuria
C. Dilutional hyponatremia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: C. Dilutional hyponatremia
Rationale: Excess ADH causes water retention, diluting serum
sodium levels and producing hyponatremia.
Question 8
Which factor contributes most directly to the development of
atherosclerosis?
Regis College 2026/2027 | Questions and
Verified Answers with Detailed Rationales |
Pass Guaranteed A+ Graded Test Bank
Question 1
A patient with left-sided heart failure is most likely to develop
which clinical manifestation first?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Ascites
C. Pulmonary congestion
D. Hepatomegaly
Answer: C. Pulmonary congestion
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into
the pulmonary circulation, leading to pulmonary congestion,
dyspnea, and crackles before systemic manifestations develop.
Question 2
Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing water
reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Cortisol
D. Renin
,Answer: B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Rationale: ADH acts on the collecting ducts to increase water
permeability, resulting in greater water reabsorption and more
concentrated urine.
Question 3
A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia primarily
because of decreased production of:
A. Erythropoietin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Ferritin
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: A. Erythropoietin
Rationale: Damaged kidneys produce less erythropoietin,
reducing red blood cell production in the bone marrow and
leading to anemia.
Question 4
What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism responsible
for Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Peripheral insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
,C. Excess glucagon secretion
D. Increased cortisol production
Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune-mediated
destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, causing absolute
insulin deficiency.
Question 5
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
cardiac dysrhythmias?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypermagnesemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyperphosphatemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Potassium plays a critical role in cardiac electrical
conduction. Low potassium levels increase the risk of
arrhythmias.
Question 6
The hallmark pathologic change in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) is:
, A. Restrictive lung expansion
B. Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
C. Pulmonary embolism formation
D. Pleural effusion development
Answer: B. Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
Rationale: COPD is characterized by chronic airflow
obstruction resulting from emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or
both.
Question 7
A patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
secretion (SIADH) is expected to have:
A. Hypernatremia
B. Polyuria
C. Dilutional hyponatremia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: C. Dilutional hyponatremia
Rationale: Excess ADH causes water retention, diluting serum
sodium levels and producing hyponatremia.
Question 8
Which factor contributes most directly to the development of
atherosclerosis?
