Approache Behaviourism Watson, Pavlov, Skinner
AO1: explains all behaviour as learned from the
environment through conditioning, focusing only on
observable actions, not internal mental processes, with key
figures like Watson and Skinner advocating scientific lab
studies. Key concepts are Classical Conditioning (learning
Behaviourism Watson, Pavlov, by association, Pavlov's dogs, little Albert case study)
Skinner and Operant Conditioning (learning by consequences
– positive/negative reinforcement, punishment, shaping)-
Skinners Rats study. Behaviourists view humans as 'blank
slates' (tabula rasa) and believe animal studies are valid for
understanding humans, leading to applications like token
economies.
Differences: SLT involves mental porcesses and observation
Social learning theory, Bandura (vicarious learning) whereas behaviourist only focuses on
external, observable actioning and direct reinforcement
Differences: Behaviourist studies observable actions as
learned responses to environmental stimuli and ignores
internal thoughts while cognitive focuses on internal mental
Cognitive approach, Bugelski
processing (thinking, memory, perception) as the key to
and Alampay understanding behaviour - views mind like computer - CA
also looked at both nature and nurture to explaining
behaviour
Differences: Looks at behaviour as learned condition
(classical and operant) - focuses on observable actions
Biological approach, Darwin while biological approach explains behaviour through
innate, internal factors like genes and neurotransmitters,
sand brain structure (nature)
Differences: behaviourist looks how nature shapes
behaviour while psychodynamic looks at both nature and
Psychodynamic approach,
nurture, psychodynamic emphasises unconscious drives
Freud and childhood experiences - more subjective interpretation
while behaviourist uses more scientific methods
, Differences: Behaviourist approach is deterministic while
the humanistic approach believes in free will, behaviourism
Humanistic approach, Roger's, looks at external actions while humanism looks at inward
Maslow and inner feelings and potential, behaviourist uses objective
and controlled experiments whereas humanistic relies on
subjective understanding
AO1: explains all behaviour as learned from the
environment through conditioning, focusing only on
observable actions, not internal mental processes, with key
figures like Watson and Skinner advocating scientific lab
studies. Key concepts are Classical Conditioning (learning
Behaviourism Watson, Pavlov, by association, Pavlov's dogs, little Albert case study)
Skinner and Operant Conditioning (learning by consequences
– positive/negative reinforcement, punishment, shaping)-
Skinners Rats study. Behaviourists view humans as 'blank
slates' (tabula rasa) and believe animal studies are valid for
understanding humans, leading to applications like token
economies.
Differences: SLT involves mental porcesses and observation
Social learning theory, Bandura (vicarious learning) whereas behaviourist only focuses on
external, observable actioning and direct reinforcement
Differences: Behaviourist studies observable actions as
learned responses to environmental stimuli and ignores
internal thoughts while cognitive focuses on internal mental
Cognitive approach, Bugelski
processing (thinking, memory, perception) as the key to
and Alampay understanding behaviour - views mind like computer - CA
also looked at both nature and nurture to explaining
behaviour
Differences: Looks at behaviour as learned condition
(classical and operant) - focuses on observable actions
Biological approach, Darwin while biological approach explains behaviour through
innate, internal factors like genes and neurotransmitters,
sand brain structure (nature)
Differences: behaviourist looks how nature shapes
behaviour while psychodynamic looks at both nature and
Psychodynamic approach,
nurture, psychodynamic emphasises unconscious drives
Freud and childhood experiences - more subjective interpretation
while behaviourist uses more scientific methods
, Differences: Behaviourist approach is deterministic while
the humanistic approach believes in free will, behaviourism
Humanistic approach, Roger's, looks at external actions while humanism looks at inward
Maslow and inner feelings and potential, behaviourist uses objective
and controlled experiments whereas humanistic relies on
subjective understanding
