CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND
ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
EXAM SCRIPT COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE
●● general appearance assessment
Answer: Level of consciousness Orientation x 3
Emotional state Ability to cooperate Presence or absence of dyspnea or
orthopnea
Sputum production
Work of breathing
●● Inspection assessment
Answer: General appearance
Peripheral edema
diaphoresis
digital clubbing
cyanosis
●● inspection of the chest configuration: pectus excavatum
Answer: a chest that is caved in (depressions for sternum)
, ●● pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)
Answer: sternum is protruding; comes to a point (limit amount of area
the lungs can expand in the chest)
●● percusion of chest (inspection)
Answer: bilateral tapping of the chest from top to bottom.
Normal chest resonance sound is loud in low pitch and long in duration
Tapping on watermelon
●● dull sound during percussion
Answer: pleural effusion, atelectasis and consolidation
knocking a full barrel
●● Hyperresonant to percussion
Answer: Pneumothorax (unilateral), COPD, asthma
knocking on an empty barrel
●● diaphragmatic movement
Answer: Normally both diaphragms move down.
done to maximal inspiration and expiration
percussion of emphysema where hyperinflation
ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
EXAM SCRIPT COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE
●● general appearance assessment
Answer: Level of consciousness Orientation x 3
Emotional state Ability to cooperate Presence or absence of dyspnea or
orthopnea
Sputum production
Work of breathing
●● Inspection assessment
Answer: General appearance
Peripheral edema
diaphoresis
digital clubbing
cyanosis
●● inspection of the chest configuration: pectus excavatum
Answer: a chest that is caved in (depressions for sternum)
, ●● pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)
Answer: sternum is protruding; comes to a point (limit amount of area
the lungs can expand in the chest)
●● percusion of chest (inspection)
Answer: bilateral tapping of the chest from top to bottom.
Normal chest resonance sound is loud in low pitch and long in duration
Tapping on watermelon
●● dull sound during percussion
Answer: pleural effusion, atelectasis and consolidation
knocking a full barrel
●● Hyperresonant to percussion
Answer: Pneumothorax (unilateral), COPD, asthma
knocking on an empty barrel
●● diaphragmatic movement
Answer: Normally both diaphragms move down.
done to maximal inspiration and expiration
percussion of emphysema where hyperinflation
