Comprehensive Literacy
& Reading Skills for Early
Education | Study Guide,
Strategies & Exam Review
|Guaranteed success|
, Concepts of Print Understanding how print works (e.g., left-to-right
direction, words vs. letters, front/back of a book).
Language acquisition The natural process through which humans learn
language. Beginning at birth.
Decoding Using knowledge of letter-sound relationships to
read words.
Encoding Writing or spelling words by using sounds to
choose letters.
Phoneme The smallest individual unit of sound in a word (e.g.,
/m/, /s/, /ch/).
Grapheme The written letter(s) that represent a phoneme (e.g.,
"sh," "a," "t").
Morpheme The smallest unit of meaning in a word (e.g., "un-,"
"dog," "-ed").
Syllable A word part containing one vowel sound (e.g., ta-
ble = 2 syllables).
Phonological awareness Awareness of the sound structure of language
(rhymes, syllables, phonemes).
& Reading Skills for Early
Education | Study Guide,
Strategies & Exam Review
|Guaranteed success|
, Concepts of Print Understanding how print works (e.g., left-to-right
direction, words vs. letters, front/back of a book).
Language acquisition The natural process through which humans learn
language. Beginning at birth.
Decoding Using knowledge of letter-sound relationships to
read words.
Encoding Writing or spelling words by using sounds to
choose letters.
Phoneme The smallest individual unit of sound in a word (e.g.,
/m/, /s/, /ch/).
Grapheme The written letter(s) that represent a phoneme (e.g.,
"sh," "a," "t").
Morpheme The smallest unit of meaning in a word (e.g., "un-,"
"dog," "-ed").
Syllable A word part containing one vowel sound (e.g., ta-
ble = 2 syllables).
Phonological awareness Awareness of the sound structure of language
(rhymes, syllables, phonemes).
