NSG 3100 Exam 3 Nursing Fundamentals with Accurate
Questions & Correct Answers (Verified Answers) and
Full Deep Expert Rationales | Latest (2026/2027)
Updated Version – Galen College Of Nursing
1. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication. Which step is
essential to prevent a medication error?
A. Ask another nurse to confirm the medication.
B. Verify the 6 rights of medication administration.
C. Document before giving the medication.
D. Administer based on the pharmacy label.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: The six rights (right patient, drug, dose, route, time, and
documentation) are critical to safe medication administration. Verifying all six
rights before administering any medication is the essential step that prevents
medication errors. Asking another nurse to confirm (A) may be helpful for high-
alert medications but is not the essential universal step. Documenting before
giving (C) is incorrect because documentation should occur after administration.
Administering based solely on the pharmacy label (D) without verifying the order
and patient identifiers is unsafe.
Test-Taking Tip: When a question asks for the "essential" or "priority" step, look
for the option that addresses the most fundamental safety practice. The six rights
are the foundation of safe medication administration.
2. A patient refuses to take a prescribed medication. What is the nurse's
best action?
,A. Hide the medication in food.
B. Document the refusal and reason.
C. Notify the healthcare provider only if it happens again.
D. Explain the medication's benefits, then give it.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Patient rights include refusing medication. The nurse must
document the refusal and the reason for it. Hiding medication in food (A) violates
patient autonomy and is unethical and potentially illegal. Notifying the provider
only if it happens again (C) is incorrect because the provider should be notified
of any refusal, especially if the medication is critical. Explaining benefits and then
giving it (D) disregards the patient's right to refuse.
Test-Taking Tip: Remember that patient autonomy is a fundamental ethical
principle. Any answer that forces or deceives a patient into taking medication is
wrong.
3. The nurse is collecting a urine sample for culture. What action ensures
accurate results?
A. Use urine from a catheter bag.
B. Collect the first urine voided in the morning.
C. Obtain a clean-catch midstream specimen.
D. Refrigerate the sample for 8 hours before sending.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: A clean-catch midstream sample avoids contamination and is
the standard for culture and sensitivity testing. Urine from a catheter bag (A) is
not appropriate for culture because it is stagnant and likely contaminated. First
morning urine (B) is concentrated and may be used for some tests, but it is not
, the standard for culture. Refrigerating for 8 hours (D) may allow bacterial
overgrowth or delay processing, affecting accuracy.
Test-Taking Tip: For specimen collection questions, think about what prevents
contamination. Clean-catch midstream is the gold standard for urine culture.
4. A nurse is educating a patient on the importance of completing a stool
guaiac test. Which instruction is appropriate?
A. "Do not collect stool in a sterile container."
B. "Avoid red meat and aspirin 72 hours before the test."
C. "Use a urine sample for convenience."
D. "Eat a high-fiber diet before the test."
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Red meat and certain medications (such as aspirin) can cause
false positives on a stool guaiac test. These should be avoided for 72 hours
before the test to ensure accurate results. Stool does not need to be collected in
a sterile container (A), but it should be collected in a clean container. Urine
cannot be substituted for stool (C). A high-fiber diet (D) is not required before
this test.
Test-Taking Tip: For diagnostic test questions, focus on what the patient should
avoid to prevent false results. Red meat and aspirin are common culprits for
false-positive guaiac tests.
5. A patient is ordered furosemide 40 mg IV. The vial is labeled 10 mg/mL.
How many mL should the nurse administer?
A. 2 mL
Questions & Correct Answers (Verified Answers) and
Full Deep Expert Rationales | Latest (2026/2027)
Updated Version – Galen College Of Nursing
1. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication. Which step is
essential to prevent a medication error?
A. Ask another nurse to confirm the medication.
B. Verify the 6 rights of medication administration.
C. Document before giving the medication.
D. Administer based on the pharmacy label.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: The six rights (right patient, drug, dose, route, time, and
documentation) are critical to safe medication administration. Verifying all six
rights before administering any medication is the essential step that prevents
medication errors. Asking another nurse to confirm (A) may be helpful for high-
alert medications but is not the essential universal step. Documenting before
giving (C) is incorrect because documentation should occur after administration.
Administering based solely on the pharmacy label (D) without verifying the order
and patient identifiers is unsafe.
Test-Taking Tip: When a question asks for the "essential" or "priority" step, look
for the option that addresses the most fundamental safety practice. The six rights
are the foundation of safe medication administration.
2. A patient refuses to take a prescribed medication. What is the nurse's
best action?
,A. Hide the medication in food.
B. Document the refusal and reason.
C. Notify the healthcare provider only if it happens again.
D. Explain the medication's benefits, then give it.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Patient rights include refusing medication. The nurse must
document the refusal and the reason for it. Hiding medication in food (A) violates
patient autonomy and is unethical and potentially illegal. Notifying the provider
only if it happens again (C) is incorrect because the provider should be notified
of any refusal, especially if the medication is critical. Explaining benefits and then
giving it (D) disregards the patient's right to refuse.
Test-Taking Tip: Remember that patient autonomy is a fundamental ethical
principle. Any answer that forces or deceives a patient into taking medication is
wrong.
3. The nurse is collecting a urine sample for culture. What action ensures
accurate results?
A. Use urine from a catheter bag.
B. Collect the first urine voided in the morning.
C. Obtain a clean-catch midstream specimen.
D. Refrigerate the sample for 8 hours before sending.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Rationale: A clean-catch midstream sample avoids contamination and is
the standard for culture and sensitivity testing. Urine from a catheter bag (A) is
not appropriate for culture because it is stagnant and likely contaminated. First
morning urine (B) is concentrated and may be used for some tests, but it is not
, the standard for culture. Refrigerating for 8 hours (D) may allow bacterial
overgrowth or delay processing, affecting accuracy.
Test-Taking Tip: For specimen collection questions, think about what prevents
contamination. Clean-catch midstream is the gold standard for urine culture.
4. A nurse is educating a patient on the importance of completing a stool
guaiac test. Which instruction is appropriate?
A. "Do not collect stool in a sterile container."
B. "Avoid red meat and aspirin 72 hours before the test."
C. "Use a urine sample for convenience."
D. "Eat a high-fiber diet before the test."
Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Red meat and certain medications (such as aspirin) can cause
false positives on a stool guaiac test. These should be avoided for 72 hours
before the test to ensure accurate results. Stool does not need to be collected in
a sterile container (A), but it should be collected in a clean container. Urine
cannot be substituted for stool (C). A high-fiber diet (D) is not required before
this test.
Test-Taking Tip: For diagnostic test questions, focus on what the patient should
avoid to prevent false results. Red meat and aspirin are common culprits for
false-positive guaiac tests.
5. A patient is ordered furosemide 40 mg IV. The vial is labeled 10 mg/mL.
How many mL should the nurse administer?
A. 2 mL
