NSG 3160 EXAM 1 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027

NSG 3160 EXAM 1 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Step 1 of Clinical Judgment
Answer: Recognize Cues: Notice relevant data from environment, clinical observation, medical
records, and time constraints.

Question: Step 2 of Clinical Judgment
Answer: Analyze Cues: Interpret data, compare/contrast findings, and identify inconsistencies.

Question: Step 3 of Clinical Judgment
Answer: Prioritize Hypotheses: Rank potential problems by urgency and likelihood.

Question: Step 4 of Clinical Judgment
Answer: Generate Solutions: Identify possible nursing actions and their rationale.

Question: Step 5 of Clinical Judgment
Answer: Take Action: Implement chosen interventions and communicate with the team.

Question: Step 6 of Clinical Judgment
Answer: Evaluate Outcomes: Determine if the outcome was expected and reflect on
improvements.

Question: Environmental Cues
Answer: Observations of the patient, family, home environment, and cultural or spiritual
needs.

Question: Clinical Observation Cues
Answer: Signs, symptoms, subjective/objective data, acute status, and patient behavior.

Question: Medical Record Cues
Answer: Chart data, health and surgical history, and identified inconsistencies.

Question: Time-Pressure Cues
Answer: Medication timing, scheduled diagnostics, pre/post-op status, and emergent needs.

Question: Diagnostic Reasoning: The Hypothetico-Deductive Process
Answer: 1. Attend to initially available cues.
2. Formulate diagnostic hypotheses.
3. Gather data relative to the hypotheses.
4. Evaluate each hypothesis, matching it against the actual findings.

,Question: First-level priority problems
Answer: Emergent, life-threatening issues requiring immediate attention (e.g., airway,
breathing,
circulation).

Question: Second-level priority problems
Answer: Urgent issues requiring prompt intervention to prevent deterioration (e.g., acute pain,
mental status change, abnormal labs).

Question: Third-level priority problems
Answer: Important but less urgent issues addressed after more pressing needs (e.g.,
knowledge
deficits, long-term coping).

Question: Collaborative problems
Answer: Physiologic complications monitored by nurses and managed with both nursing and
provider-prescribed interventions.

Question: SBAR: Situation
Answer: A brief statement of the current problem (who the patient is and what is happening
right
now).

Question: SBAR: Background
Answer: Pertinent history that explains the context (admitting diagnosis, relevant past
medical/surgical history).

Question: SBAR: Assessment
Answer: Your clinical findings — vital signs, general appearance, and a focused
system-by-system
review.

Question: SBAR: Recommendation
Answer: What you think needs to happen next, including monitoring priorities and orders you
are
requesting.

Question: Holistic Model of Health
Answer: he holistic model emphasizes that health is influenced by the interaction of the mind,
body, spirit, environment, and social determinants of health.
Nurses using this model promote wellness, prevent disease, and provide patient-
centered care that addresses all aspects of a person's life.

Question: Subjective data
Answer: What the patient tells you (symptoms, feelings, perceptions).

, Question: Objective data
Answer: What you observe, measure, or detect on physical examination and diagnostic testing
(signs).

Question: Database
Answer: The combined subjective and objective data that becomes the foundation for clinical
judgment and the plan of care.

Question: Complete (total) database
Answer: A full health history and physical examination; describes current/past health and
forms a
baseline.

Question: Episodic or problem-centered database
Answer: A mini, focused database for a specific presenting problem (e.g., sore throat).

Question: Follow-up database
Answer: Used at intervals following an initial database to evaluate changes in a previously
identified problem.

Question: Emergency database
Answer: A rapid collection of data, often gathered while lifesaving measures are
simultaneously in
progress.

Question: Internal factors
Answer: The nurse's and patient's own emotions, biases, values, and physical/mental state.

Question: External factors
Answer: The physical environment, privacy, timing, and presence of other people.

Question: Intimate distance
Answer: 0 to 1½ ft; visual distortion occurs; best for assessing breath and body odors.

Question: Personal distance
Answer: 1½ to 4 ft; perceived as an extension of self; voice moderate; most physical
assessment
occurs here.

Question: Social distance
Answer: 4 to 12 ft; impersonal business transactions; much of the interview occurs at this
distance.