Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease 8th Edition by Sue Huether and Kathryn McCance Complete Questions and Answers Study Guide for Nursing Students Preparing for Disease Processes Clinical Manifestations Clinical Reasoning Patient

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TheBiologicBasisForDiseaseIn Adults A
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,McCance:Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basisfor Disease in Adults and Children(8th Edition) TES BANK
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CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Chapter 02:Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
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Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
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Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
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Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
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Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
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Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
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Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
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Chapter 10: Infection
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Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
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Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
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Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
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Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
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Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and SensoryFunction
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Chapter 17:Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
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Chapter 19: Neurobiologyof Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
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Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
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Chapter 23: Obesityand Disorders of Nutrition
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Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
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Chapter 25: Alterations ofthe Female Reproductive System
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Chapter 26: Alterations ofthe Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 27: SexuallyTransmitted Infections
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Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
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Chapter 29: Alterations ofErythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
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Chapter 30: Alterations ofLeukocyte and Lymphoid Function
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
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Chapter 33: Alterations ofCardiovascular Function
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Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the PulmonarySystem
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and UrinaryTrac Function
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and UrinaryTrac Function in Children
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Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
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Chapter 42: Alterations ofDigestive Function
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Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
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Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
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Chapter 45:AlterationsofMusculoskeletal Function
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Chapter 46: Alterations ofMusculoskeletal Function in Children
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Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
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Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integumen in Children
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Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
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Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
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Par 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES Uni I:
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THE CELL Y11




CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY Y11 Y11 Y11




MULTIPLECHOICE Y1




1. Which statemen bes describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. JY11 JY11 JY11




b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11




c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11




d. Cells can synthesize fats. JY11 JY11 JY11




ANS: C J Y 1 1




In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroun
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dings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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PTS: J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering JY11 JY11




2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome

ANS: C J Y 1 1




The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largelyof RNA, most of the c
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ellular DNA, and the DNA- JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11




binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsib
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le for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as th JY11 JY1 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY1 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY1 1




e intracellular digestive system.
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PTS: J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering JY11 JY11




3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) byusing oxygen to remove hy
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drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? JY11 JY11 JY 11 JY1 1 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY 11




a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B J Y 1 1

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Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydr JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY1 1 JY11 J Y11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11




ogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerf
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ul oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
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Ribosomes are RNA- JY 11 JY11




protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cyt
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oplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are sacli
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ke structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes ca
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lled hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An en
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dosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane. JY11 JY11 JY11 JY1 1 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY 11 JY11




PTS: J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering JY11 JY11




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
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a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex JY11




c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum JY11 JY11




d. Lysosomes

ANS: D J Y 1 1




The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes wit
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hin the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disrup
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tion of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal e
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nzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self- JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 J Y11




digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The Gol
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gi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the cell nuc
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leus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and removing
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toxic substances from the cell. JY11 JY 11 JY11 JY11




PTS: J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering JY11 JY11




5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11




a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction JY11 JY11 JY11 JY 11 JY11 JY11




b. Secretion of cortisol JY11 JY11




c. Increased retention of water JY11 JY11 JY11




d. Breakdown of fat JY11 JY11




ANS: C J Y 1 1




Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes increa JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11




ses in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown o
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f fat is due to glucagon.
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PTS: J Y 1 1 J Y 1 1 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering JY11 JY11




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11 JY11




a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M