Psychology &
Development of Children
and Adolescents D167
2026 | Study Guide,
Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review
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Rationales
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, Piaget Believed we learn from interaction with peers and environment
Preconventional All about me
Conventional All about rules or laws
Postconventional All about others
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development- Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional
Chomsky Theory of Universal Grammar- Innate/Biological
Babbling- 6 to 8 months Consonant-vowel combinations (ba-ba, ma-ma)
Holophrastic- 9 to 18 months Single words represent a sentence (up, juice, mine)
Two-Word- 18 to 24 months Mini sentences (doggy bark, me play)
Telegraphic- 24 to 30 months Vocabulary increases. Use mostly nouns and verbs, omits auxiliary words (Carrie
want ball, I good boy today)- early multiword stage
Later multiword stage- 30+ months 5+ word sentences, fastest vocabulary increase. Sentences formed with improving
grammar, structure
Skinner Operant conditioning and language development- children learn language based on
reinforcement
Operant Conditioning and Language Development Children learn language based on reinforcement, learn language through imitating,
prompting, shaping, they associate words with meanings, correct utterances are
positively reinforced- Skinner
Vygotsky Social approach to language development
Social Approach to Language Development language develops through social interactions, children need interpersonal
interactions, Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), scaffolding (temp support),
Private speech (talking to yourself)