KUBY IMMUNOLOGY CHAPTER 16
TOLERANCE, AUTOIMMUNITY, AND
TRANSPLANTATION EXAM GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Tolerance is promoted by all of the following circumstances EXCEPT:
A. high doses of antigen.
B. persistent antigen.
C. oral introduction of antigen.
D. presence of adjuvant.
E. low levels of costimulation. - ANSWER -Answer: D
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Oral polio vaccine is unusual in its effectiveness.
2. Tolerance is promoted by:
A. induction of anergy.
B. induction of apoptosis.
C. regulation of activity of cells.
D. Both A and B.
E. All of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: E
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Autoreactivity is such a large potential problem that multiple systems to control it
are used.
3. Apoptosis is:
A. similar to necrosis.
B. important in peripheral tolerance, but not central tolerance.
C. important in central tolerance, but not peripheral tolerance.
D. impaired in Fas-deficient systems.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: D
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Apoptosis is widely used.
4. Central tolerance:
, A. is the first step of tolerance mechanisms.
B. affects both T cells and B cells.
C. deletes cells that are autoreactive.
D. occurs in the bone marrow and thymus.
E. All of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: E
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Autoreactivity can involve both T cells and B cells.
5. Which of the following statements does NOT describe tolerogens accurately?
A. They can be the same molecules as immunogens.
B. They lead cells to become unresponsive.
C. They are part of peripheral tolerance.
D. They only affect B cells.
E. All of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: D
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Tolerogens are equivalent to immunogens, but in different context.
6. The tolerogenic response:
A. is not antigen specific.
B. leads to apoptosis but not anergy.
C. results in cells becoming non-responsive.
D. depends of the presentation context.
E. affects T cells only. - ANSWER -Answer: C
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Anergy and apoptosis are both mechanisms of tolerance.
7. Maintaining immunologically protected sites, such as the eye:
A. allows sequestration of antigens.
B. reduces central tolerance.
C. can lead to autoreactivity secondary to injury.
D. can reduce background reactivity.
E. All of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: E
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Keeping self antigens away from immune cells reduces interactions, both during
development and afterwards.
8. Central tolerance employs all but which of the following mechanisms?
A. Apoptosis
TOLERANCE, AUTOIMMUNITY, AND
TRANSPLANTATION EXAM GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Tolerance is promoted by all of the following circumstances EXCEPT:
A. high doses of antigen.
B. persistent antigen.
C. oral introduction of antigen.
D. presence of adjuvant.
E. low levels of costimulation. - ANSWER -Answer: D
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Oral polio vaccine is unusual in its effectiveness.
2. Tolerance is promoted by:
A. induction of anergy.
B. induction of apoptosis.
C. regulation of activity of cells.
D. Both A and B.
E. All of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: E
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Autoreactivity is such a large potential problem that multiple systems to control it
are used.
3. Apoptosis is:
A. similar to necrosis.
B. important in peripheral tolerance, but not central tolerance.
C. important in central tolerance, but not peripheral tolerance.
D. impaired in Fas-deficient systems.
E. None of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: D
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Apoptosis is widely used.
4. Central tolerance:
, A. is the first step of tolerance mechanisms.
B. affects both T cells and B cells.
C. deletes cells that are autoreactive.
D. occurs in the bone marrow and thymus.
E. All of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: E
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Autoreactivity can involve both T cells and B cells.
5. Which of the following statements does NOT describe tolerogens accurately?
A. They can be the same molecules as immunogens.
B. They lead cells to become unresponsive.
C. They are part of peripheral tolerance.
D. They only affect B cells.
E. All of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: D
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Tolerogens are equivalent to immunogens, but in different context.
6. The tolerogenic response:
A. is not antigen specific.
B. leads to apoptosis but not anergy.
C. results in cells becoming non-responsive.
D. depends of the presentation context.
E. affects T cells only. - ANSWER -Answer: C
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Anergy and apoptosis are both mechanisms of tolerance.
7. Maintaining immunologically protected sites, such as the eye:
A. allows sequestration of antigens.
B. reduces central tolerance.
C. can lead to autoreactivity secondary to injury.
D. can reduce background reactivity.
E. All of the above. - ANSWER -Answer: E
Section: Establishment and Maintenance of Tolerance
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Keeping self antigens away from immune cells reduces interactions, both during
development and afterwards.
8. Central tolerance employs all but which of the following mechanisms?
A. Apoptosis
