ADN Pharm Qs Exam With Complete Solutions
The nurse is caring for a patient of Asian descent. While reviewing new orders, the
nurse contacts the health care provider to question the order for which medication? -
ANSWER Carbamazepine Carbamazepine is used to treat epileptic seizures and
bipolar disorders, but it can cause life-threatening skin reactions in some patients,
especially those of Asian descent. These patients may carry the genes that code for an
unusual human leukocyte antigen known as HLA-B 1502. Individuals of Asian descent
should be screened for the gene before carbamazepine is ordered and administered
Which of these are examples of side effects of drugs? Select all that apply. - ANSWER
Nausea,Drowsiness.Drowsiness and nausea are examples of drug side effects. A side
effect is formally defined as a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at
therapeutic doses. pg 65
Which strategies are helpful in preventing medication errors in nursing practice? Select
all that apply. - ANSWER Provide patients with proper education.Verify medication
orders before administering them.Develop professional relationships with
pharmacists.Give proper patient education so that the patient can be well aware of the
use of drugs. Verify the medicine before administering it to reduce chances of error.
Nurses should have good relationships with pharmacists so that the two professionals
can work together to prevent medication errors.
Which science provides primary healthcare providers the opportunity to individualize
drug therapy based on a patient's genetic makeup? - ANSWER Pharmacogenomics is a
science that involves pharmacology and genomics and gives primary healthcare
providers an opportunity to individualize drug therapy based on a patient's genetic
makeup instead of giving a standard drug to all patients.
The nurse is preparing a staff education in-service training about safety measures that
reduce patient medication errors. Which measure does the nurse include to address
safety for patients during care transition? - ANSWER Medication
reconciliation.Medication reconciliation is a widely used, specific patient safety measure
that reduces medication errors during transitions of care (e.g., hospital admission and
discharge, and moving to a different level of care within a hospital)
Which factors would the nurse recognize as having a possible effect on medication
response? Select all that apply. - ANSWER Body composition,Level of
, education,Genetic influences,Use of alternative therapies,Patient compliance with
therapy.. A patient's age, gender, size, and body composition also can have an effect on
drug response. Medication response depends greatly on the level of the patient's
compliance with the therapy regimen. Yet, compliance may vary depending on the
patient's cultural beliefs, experiences with medications, personal expectations, family
expectations and influence, and level of education. Prescribers must also be aware that
some patients use alternative therapies such as herbal and homeopathic remedies that
can inhibit or accelerate drug metabolism and therefore alter a drug's response.
Which nursing action results in the most common human cause of fatal medication
errors? - ANSWER Administering a drug intravenously (IV) instead of intramuscularly
(IM).
Which method helps to standardize medication prescriptions? - ANSWER
Computerized order entry.Computerized order entry helps to standardize prescribing
functions because it avoids errors caused by abbreviations and handwriting
The nurse reads a research study that discusses how genetic variants can reduce the
antiplatelet response of clopidogrel. The nurse now understands reduced efficacy of
clopidogrel can increase the risk of which event? Select all that apply. - ANSWER
Stroke,Myocardial infarction.A variant in the gene code for CYP2C19 reduces
clopidogrel antiplatelet effects, which increases the patient's risk of cardiovascular
events such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
To demonstrate the concept of drug selection based on efficacy, the nurse administers
which PRN drug for a headache that the patient describes as a "mild dullness" with a
pain level of 2 on a 1-to-10 scale? - ANSWER Aspirin.Maximal efficacy illustrates the
fact that all drugs have a maximal effect, and dosages beyond this do not increase the
effect. The goal is to match the intensity of the response to the patient's needs;
therefore, a drug with high maximal efficacy is not always most desirable. Meperidine,
pentazocine, and morphine sulfate all have a higher maximal efficacy than aspirin;
therefore aspirin is the most desirable drug for a headache rated as "mild."
.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed a drug to block the histamine
receptors to prevent excessive gastric secretion. To which category of drugs does this
medication belong? - ANSWER Antagonist.An antagonist drug is one that blocks the
histamine receptors to prevent excessive gastric secretion pg49
When administering a central nervous system depressant, the nurse should closely
observe for drug toxicity in which patient? - ANSWER A 3-week-old neonate.The blood-
brain barrier is not fully developed at birth. It is fully developed by 1 year of age. As a
result, newborns are much more sensitive than older children or adults to medicines that
act on the brain.pg 34
The nurse is caring for a patient of Asian descent. While reviewing new orders, the
nurse contacts the health care provider to question the order for which medication? -
ANSWER Carbamazepine Carbamazepine is used to treat epileptic seizures and
bipolar disorders, but it can cause life-threatening skin reactions in some patients,
especially those of Asian descent. These patients may carry the genes that code for an
unusual human leukocyte antigen known as HLA-B 1502. Individuals of Asian descent
should be screened for the gene before carbamazepine is ordered and administered
Which of these are examples of side effects of drugs? Select all that apply. - ANSWER
Nausea,Drowsiness.Drowsiness and nausea are examples of drug side effects. A side
effect is formally defined as a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at
therapeutic doses. pg 65
Which strategies are helpful in preventing medication errors in nursing practice? Select
all that apply. - ANSWER Provide patients with proper education.Verify medication
orders before administering them.Develop professional relationships with
pharmacists.Give proper patient education so that the patient can be well aware of the
use of drugs. Verify the medicine before administering it to reduce chances of error.
Nurses should have good relationships with pharmacists so that the two professionals
can work together to prevent medication errors.
Which science provides primary healthcare providers the opportunity to individualize
drug therapy based on a patient's genetic makeup? - ANSWER Pharmacogenomics is a
science that involves pharmacology and genomics and gives primary healthcare
providers an opportunity to individualize drug therapy based on a patient's genetic
makeup instead of giving a standard drug to all patients.
The nurse is preparing a staff education in-service training about safety measures that
reduce patient medication errors. Which measure does the nurse include to address
safety for patients during care transition? - ANSWER Medication
reconciliation.Medication reconciliation is a widely used, specific patient safety measure
that reduces medication errors during transitions of care (e.g., hospital admission and
discharge, and moving to a different level of care within a hospital)
Which factors would the nurse recognize as having a possible effect on medication
response? Select all that apply. - ANSWER Body composition,Level of
, education,Genetic influences,Use of alternative therapies,Patient compliance with
therapy.. A patient's age, gender, size, and body composition also can have an effect on
drug response. Medication response depends greatly on the level of the patient's
compliance with the therapy regimen. Yet, compliance may vary depending on the
patient's cultural beliefs, experiences with medications, personal expectations, family
expectations and influence, and level of education. Prescribers must also be aware that
some patients use alternative therapies such as herbal and homeopathic remedies that
can inhibit or accelerate drug metabolism and therefore alter a drug's response.
Which nursing action results in the most common human cause of fatal medication
errors? - ANSWER Administering a drug intravenously (IV) instead of intramuscularly
(IM).
Which method helps to standardize medication prescriptions? - ANSWER
Computerized order entry.Computerized order entry helps to standardize prescribing
functions because it avoids errors caused by abbreviations and handwriting
The nurse reads a research study that discusses how genetic variants can reduce the
antiplatelet response of clopidogrel. The nurse now understands reduced efficacy of
clopidogrel can increase the risk of which event? Select all that apply. - ANSWER
Stroke,Myocardial infarction.A variant in the gene code for CYP2C19 reduces
clopidogrel antiplatelet effects, which increases the patient's risk of cardiovascular
events such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
To demonstrate the concept of drug selection based on efficacy, the nurse administers
which PRN drug for a headache that the patient describes as a "mild dullness" with a
pain level of 2 on a 1-to-10 scale? - ANSWER Aspirin.Maximal efficacy illustrates the
fact that all drugs have a maximal effect, and dosages beyond this do not increase the
effect. The goal is to match the intensity of the response to the patient's needs;
therefore, a drug with high maximal efficacy is not always most desirable. Meperidine,
pentazocine, and morphine sulfate all have a higher maximal efficacy than aspirin;
therefore aspirin is the most desirable drug for a headache rated as "mild."
.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed a drug to block the histamine
receptors to prevent excessive gastric secretion. To which category of drugs does this
medication belong? - ANSWER Antagonist.An antagonist drug is one that blocks the
histamine receptors to prevent excessive gastric secretion pg49
When administering a central nervous system depressant, the nurse should closely
observe for drug toxicity in which patient? - ANSWER A 3-week-old neonate.The blood-
brain barrier is not fully developed at birth. It is fully developed by 1 year of age. As a
result, newborns are much more sensitive than older children or adults to medicines that
act on the brain.pg 34
