NR667 CEA Week 8 — Exit Exam Study Guide
Comprehensive Review Questions & Answers
Independent Study Guide
Formatted from the supplied study material. Questions and answers are kept together in source order for easier review.
1. Blood Flow
Answer: Lungs ® Pulmonary Veins ® Left Atrium ® Aorta ® Body Tissues ® Vena Cava ® Right Atrium ® Right
Ventricle ® Pulmonary Arteries ® Lungs
2. Symptoms with right vs left side heart blockage
Answer: · Blockage on the left side of the heart backs up and causes lung symptoms
· Blockage on the right side of the heart backs up and causes body symptoms (peripheral edema)
3. HNC8 HTN Guidelines
Answer: Defined as 140/90
Treatment algorithm:
Less than 60 years old - 140/90
\> 60 years old - Defined as 150/90 (more leniency b/c we do not want to drop their BP too low)
4. What hypertension medication should someone with DM and/or CKD be on?
Answer: ACE or ARB (protects kidneys)
5. What HTN medication should an African American pt be on?
Answer: CCB
6. What HTN medications should be used in patients with heart failure?
Answer: Carvediolol and Thiazide diuretics
7. Common side effects from ACE inhibitors
Answer: cough, angioedema
8. What HTN medication is contraindicated if an ACE inhibitor caused angioedema?
Answer: ARB
9. What HTN medication should a heart failure pt NEVER be on?
Answer: CCB
(These cause the heart to "relax" which is not good in HF pts)
10. 2 types of CCBs
Answer: Dihydropyridines & Non-dihydropyridines
11. What are dihydropyridine CCBs used for?
Answer: BP control
,12. Example of a dihydropyridine CCB and side effects
Answer: Amlodipine
Bradycardic side effects, peripheral edema, constipation
13. What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs used for?
Answer: arrhythmias
14. Example of a non-dihydropyridine CCB and side effects
Answer: cardizem
Tachycardic side effects/palpitations - these meds were peripherally and have a rebound tachycardia
15. The atria (top chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes?
Answer: K+ (potassium) and Ca (calcium)
16. The ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes?
Answer: Na (sodium) and K+ (potassium)
17. Conditions in the atria needs medications that work on K+ or Ca such as ..
Answer: Cardizem (CCB) or Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
18. Conditions in the ventricles needs medications that work on K+ or Na such as ..
Answer: Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
19. What class of medications could be used for atrial and ventricular conditions?
Answer: Beta-blockers or potassium channel blocker (Amiodarone)
20. What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with reduced EF?
Answer: < 40%
21. What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with preserved EF?
Answer: 40 or greater
22. HF patients with reduced EF need to be on what medications?
Answer: Carvedilol, loop diuretic, ACE, or ARB
23. What type of diuretics are more potent?
Answer: Loop diuretics
24. Which hypertensive medications are "cardio-protective"?
Answer: ACEs and ARBs
25. I: No sx
Answer: II: Sx w/ moderate exertion
III: Sx w ADLs
IV: Sx at rest
, 26. What is the ASCVD risk score?
Answer: measurement of a pt's 10 yr risk of an adverse cardiac event
27. What are the high-intensity statins?
Answer: Atorvastatin 40-80 mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg
28. What happens during S1 heart sounds?
Answer: mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens
29. Which structural heart condition can cause syncope or near-syncope?
Answer: Aortic stenosis
30. Which structural heart condition cause a harsh, high-pitches sound that can be heard in the neck
or on the right side of the chest near the 2nd intercostal space?
Answer: Aortic regurgitation/insufficiency
31. Which structural heart condition is very loud and can be heard on the lower left side of the chest?
Answer: Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
32. What are the 2 most common places for a AAA?
Answer: infra-renal and ascending aorta
33. Which aortic aneurysm requires surgery right away?
Answer: Stanford A (ascending)
34. Which aortic aneurysm is often treated medically or with a possible graft (but does not often need
surgery)?
Answer: Stanford B (descending)
35. What is a medical intervention that should be done for a patient with a Stanford B aneurysm?
Answer: Keep BP low
36. What class medication should NEVER be given to a patient with an aneurysm or any sort of
connective tissue disorder?
Answer: flouroquinolones (end in "floxicin")
37. What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins? (stay in the body for a long time)
Answer: ADEK
38. What percentage of pulmonary emboli or DVTs are provoked?
Answer: 70%
39. How long should a patient with a provoked PE or DVT be treated with an anticoagulant?
Answer: at least 3 months
Comprehensive Review Questions & Answers
Independent Study Guide
Formatted from the supplied study material. Questions and answers are kept together in source order for easier review.
1. Blood Flow
Answer: Lungs ® Pulmonary Veins ® Left Atrium ® Aorta ® Body Tissues ® Vena Cava ® Right Atrium ® Right
Ventricle ® Pulmonary Arteries ® Lungs
2. Symptoms with right vs left side heart blockage
Answer: · Blockage on the left side of the heart backs up and causes lung symptoms
· Blockage on the right side of the heart backs up and causes body symptoms (peripheral edema)
3. HNC8 HTN Guidelines
Answer: Defined as 140/90
Treatment algorithm:
Less than 60 years old - 140/90
\> 60 years old - Defined as 150/90 (more leniency b/c we do not want to drop their BP too low)
4. What hypertension medication should someone with DM and/or CKD be on?
Answer: ACE or ARB (protects kidneys)
5. What HTN medication should an African American pt be on?
Answer: CCB
6. What HTN medications should be used in patients with heart failure?
Answer: Carvediolol and Thiazide diuretics
7. Common side effects from ACE inhibitors
Answer: cough, angioedema
8. What HTN medication is contraindicated if an ACE inhibitor caused angioedema?
Answer: ARB
9. What HTN medication should a heart failure pt NEVER be on?
Answer: CCB
(These cause the heart to "relax" which is not good in HF pts)
10. 2 types of CCBs
Answer: Dihydropyridines & Non-dihydropyridines
11. What are dihydropyridine CCBs used for?
Answer: BP control
,12. Example of a dihydropyridine CCB and side effects
Answer: Amlodipine
Bradycardic side effects, peripheral edema, constipation
13. What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs used for?
Answer: arrhythmias
14. Example of a non-dihydropyridine CCB and side effects
Answer: cardizem
Tachycardic side effects/palpitations - these meds were peripherally and have a rebound tachycardia
15. The atria (top chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes?
Answer: K+ (potassium) and Ca (calcium)
16. The ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes?
Answer: Na (sodium) and K+ (potassium)
17. Conditions in the atria needs medications that work on K+ or Ca such as ..
Answer: Cardizem (CCB) or Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
18. Conditions in the ventricles needs medications that work on K+ or Na such as ..
Answer: Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
19. What class of medications could be used for atrial and ventricular conditions?
Answer: Beta-blockers or potassium channel blocker (Amiodarone)
20. What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with reduced EF?
Answer: < 40%
21. What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with preserved EF?
Answer: 40 or greater
22. HF patients with reduced EF need to be on what medications?
Answer: Carvedilol, loop diuretic, ACE, or ARB
23. What type of diuretics are more potent?
Answer: Loop diuretics
24. Which hypertensive medications are "cardio-protective"?
Answer: ACEs and ARBs
25. I: No sx
Answer: II: Sx w/ moderate exertion
III: Sx w ADLs
IV: Sx at rest
, 26. What is the ASCVD risk score?
Answer: measurement of a pt's 10 yr risk of an adverse cardiac event
27. What are the high-intensity statins?
Answer: Atorvastatin 40-80 mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg
28. What happens during S1 heart sounds?
Answer: mitral valve closes and aortic valve opens
29. Which structural heart condition can cause syncope or near-syncope?
Answer: Aortic stenosis
30. Which structural heart condition cause a harsh, high-pitches sound that can be heard in the neck
or on the right side of the chest near the 2nd intercostal space?
Answer: Aortic regurgitation/insufficiency
31. Which structural heart condition is very loud and can be heard on the lower left side of the chest?
Answer: Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
32. What are the 2 most common places for a AAA?
Answer: infra-renal and ascending aorta
33. Which aortic aneurysm requires surgery right away?
Answer: Stanford A (ascending)
34. Which aortic aneurysm is often treated medically or with a possible graft (but does not often need
surgery)?
Answer: Stanford B (descending)
35. What is a medical intervention that should be done for a patient with a Stanford B aneurysm?
Answer: Keep BP low
36. What class medication should NEVER be given to a patient with an aneurysm or any sort of
connective tissue disorder?
Answer: flouroquinolones (end in "floxicin")
37. What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins? (stay in the body for a long time)
Answer: ADEK
38. What percentage of pulmonary emboli or DVTs are provoked?
Answer: 70%
39. How long should a patient with a provoked PE or DVT be treated with an anticoagulant?
Answer: at least 3 months
