NUR 185 Exam 2.1 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers
| Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Gas Exchange Definition
Answer: Process of transporting oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide from cells.
Question: Hypoxemia vs. Hypoxia
Answer: Hypoxemia: low blood oxygen level. Hypoxia: insufficient oxygen reaching tissues.
Question: Anoxia vs. Ischemia
Answer: Anoxia: total lack of tissue oxygen. Ischemia: insufficient blood flow to tissues.
Question: Requirement for Oxygen Therapy
Answer: Must be ordered by provider and required when client needs >21% oxygen.
Question: Oropharyngeal (OP) Airway Insertion
Answer: Inserted through mouth with head tilted back; ends at base of tongue.
Question: Nasopharyngeal (NP) Airway Insertion
Answer: Soft rubber tube inserted through nose; ends at base of tongue.
Question: Endotracheal (ET) Tube Characteristics
Answer: Inserted via mouth/nose to trachea; cuffed balloon seals trachea against aspiration.
Question: Tracheostomy Tube
Answer: Surgically created neck opening into trachea; can be cuffed or cuffless.
, Question: ARDS Pathophysiology
Answer: Progressive pulmonary disorder post-trauma causing decreased lung compliance,
infiltrates, and severe hypoxemia.
Question: ARDS Early Manifestations
Answer: Tachypnea and dyspnea, accompanied by hypoxemia on ABG.
Question: ARDS Diagnostic Criteria
Answer: Acute onset, chest X-ray bilateral opacities, hypoxemia, ruling out heart failure.
Question: ARDS Key Nursing Interventions
Answer: Fowler's position, supplemental oxygen, prepare for intubation, and prone positioning.
Question: Acute Respiratory Failure Indicators
Answer: Elevated PaCO2 (hypercapnia), low PaO2 (hypoxemia), and low pH (acidosis).
Question: Volume-Cycled Ventilator
Answer: Delivers constant preset tidal volume; most frequently used type.
Question: Pressure-Cycled Ventilator
Answer: Pushes air into lungs until a preset pressure limit is reached.
Question: Time-Cycled Ventilator
Answer: Delivers oxygenated air over preset time; primarily used in pediatric/neonatal care.
Question: Ventilator Setting: Tidal Volume (TV/Vt)
Answer: Amount of oxygenated air inhaled or exhaled with each breath.
Question: Ventilator Setting: PEEP
Answer: Positive end-expiratory pressure that keeps alveoli open at end of exhalation.
Question: Essential Bedside Equipment for Ventilated Patient
Answer: Manual resuscitator (Ambu-bag) and oxygen source.
Question: VAP Prevention Bundle Components
Answer: HOB 30-45°, sedation vacations/weaning, oral care, PUD prophylaxis, DVT
prophylaxis.
Question: Open Pneumothorax Mechanism
Answer: Chest wound lets air freely enter/exit pleural space, causing lung collapse.
| Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Gas Exchange Definition
Answer: Process of transporting oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide from cells.
Question: Hypoxemia vs. Hypoxia
Answer: Hypoxemia: low blood oxygen level. Hypoxia: insufficient oxygen reaching tissues.
Question: Anoxia vs. Ischemia
Answer: Anoxia: total lack of tissue oxygen. Ischemia: insufficient blood flow to tissues.
Question: Requirement for Oxygen Therapy
Answer: Must be ordered by provider and required when client needs >21% oxygen.
Question: Oropharyngeal (OP) Airway Insertion
Answer: Inserted through mouth with head tilted back; ends at base of tongue.
Question: Nasopharyngeal (NP) Airway Insertion
Answer: Soft rubber tube inserted through nose; ends at base of tongue.
Question: Endotracheal (ET) Tube Characteristics
Answer: Inserted via mouth/nose to trachea; cuffed balloon seals trachea against aspiration.
Question: Tracheostomy Tube
Answer: Surgically created neck opening into trachea; can be cuffed or cuffless.
, Question: ARDS Pathophysiology
Answer: Progressive pulmonary disorder post-trauma causing decreased lung compliance,
infiltrates, and severe hypoxemia.
Question: ARDS Early Manifestations
Answer: Tachypnea and dyspnea, accompanied by hypoxemia on ABG.
Question: ARDS Diagnostic Criteria
Answer: Acute onset, chest X-ray bilateral opacities, hypoxemia, ruling out heart failure.
Question: ARDS Key Nursing Interventions
Answer: Fowler's position, supplemental oxygen, prepare for intubation, and prone positioning.
Question: Acute Respiratory Failure Indicators
Answer: Elevated PaCO2 (hypercapnia), low PaO2 (hypoxemia), and low pH (acidosis).
Question: Volume-Cycled Ventilator
Answer: Delivers constant preset tidal volume; most frequently used type.
Question: Pressure-Cycled Ventilator
Answer: Pushes air into lungs until a preset pressure limit is reached.
Question: Time-Cycled Ventilator
Answer: Delivers oxygenated air over preset time; primarily used in pediatric/neonatal care.
Question: Ventilator Setting: Tidal Volume (TV/Vt)
Answer: Amount of oxygenated air inhaled or exhaled with each breath.
Question: Ventilator Setting: PEEP
Answer: Positive end-expiratory pressure that keeps alveoli open at end of exhalation.
Question: Essential Bedside Equipment for Ventilated Patient
Answer: Manual resuscitator (Ambu-bag) and oxygen source.
Question: VAP Prevention Bundle Components
Answer: HOB 30-45°, sedation vacations/weaning, oral care, PUD prophylaxis, DVT
prophylaxis.
Question: Open Pneumothorax Mechanism
Answer: Chest wound lets air freely enter/exit pleural space, causing lung collapse.
