NR 507 EXAM – ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (CHAMBERLAIN) 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
1. Which epigenetic mechanism involves the addition of a methyl group to a cytosine base,
typically leading to gene silencing?
A. Histone acetylation
B. DNA methylation
C. RNA interference
D. Chromatin remodeling
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: DNA methylation involves the attachment of a methyl group to
cytosine, which often prevents transcription factor binding and results in gene silencing.
2. In the context of cellular injury, what is the primary mechanism by which reactive oxygen
species (ROS) cause damage?
A. Inhibition of lysosomal enzyme activity
B. Increasing the permeability of the plasma membrane to sodium
C. Direct inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump
,D. Oxidative stress causing lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ROS cause oxidative stress, leading to lipid peroxidation of
membranes, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage/fragmentation.
3. Which type of cell death is a programmed, energy-dependent process characterized by cell
shrinkage and DNA fragmentation without an inflammatory response?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Autophagy
D. Apoptosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is programmed cell death that is tidy and does not
elicit an inflammatory response, unlike necrosis.
4. Type III hypersensitivity reactions are primarily mediated by which of the following?
A. IgE binding to mast cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells attacking host cells
C. Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissues
D. Antibodies reacting with cell-surface antigens
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complexes (antigen-
antibody) that deposit in tissues like blood vessels or joints, triggering inflammation.
5. In Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD), which cells are primarily responsible for attacking the
recipient’s tissues?
A. Recipient B cells
B. Recipient NK cells
C. Donor macrophages
D. Donor T cells
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: GVHD occurs when immunocompetent T cells in the donor graft
recognize the recipient’s HLA as foreign and mount an attack.
6. The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) is a hallmark laboratory finding for which
autoimmune disease?
A. Multiple Sclerosis
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
D. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Answer: C
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (CHAMBERLAIN) 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
1. Which epigenetic mechanism involves the addition of a methyl group to a cytosine base,
typically leading to gene silencing?
A. Histone acetylation
B. DNA methylation
C. RNA interference
D. Chromatin remodeling
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: DNA methylation involves the attachment of a methyl group to
cytosine, which often prevents transcription factor binding and results in gene silencing.
2. In the context of cellular injury, what is the primary mechanism by which reactive oxygen
species (ROS) cause damage?
A. Inhibition of lysosomal enzyme activity
B. Increasing the permeability of the plasma membrane to sodium
C. Direct inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump
,D. Oxidative stress causing lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ROS cause oxidative stress, leading to lipid peroxidation of
membranes, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage/fragmentation.
3. Which type of cell death is a programmed, energy-dependent process characterized by cell
shrinkage and DNA fragmentation without an inflammatory response?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Autophagy
D. Apoptosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Apoptosis is programmed cell death that is tidy and does not
elicit an inflammatory response, unlike necrosis.
4. Type III hypersensitivity reactions are primarily mediated by which of the following?
A. IgE binding to mast cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells attacking host cells
C. Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissues
D. Antibodies reacting with cell-surface antigens
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complexes (antigen-
antibody) that deposit in tissues like blood vessels or joints, triggering inflammation.
5. In Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD), which cells are primarily responsible for attacking the
recipient’s tissues?
A. Recipient B cells
B. Recipient NK cells
C. Donor macrophages
D. Donor T cells
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: GVHD occurs when immunocompetent T cells in the donor graft
recognize the recipient’s HLA as foreign and mount an attack.
6. The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) is a hallmark laboratory finding for which
autoimmune disease?
A. Multiple Sclerosis
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
D. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Answer: C
