NU 578 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
100% GUARANTEE PASS | UNIVERSITY
OF SOUTH ALABAMA
1. A 65-year-old patient with heart failure is prescribed Digoxin. Which electrolyte imbalance
significantly increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia enhances the effects of digoxin because potassium
and digoxin compete for the same binding site on the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. Low
potassium allows more digoxin to bind, leading to toxicity.
2. Which of the following is a primary contraindication for the use of ACE inhibitors such as
Lisinopril?
A. History of angioedema
B. Diabetes mellitus
,C. Hypokalemia
D. Left ventricular hypertrophy
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A history of angioedema (especially if caused by previous ACE
inhibitor use) is a life-threatening contraindication due to the accumulation of bradykinin.
3. A patient is starting Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. Which baseline diagnostic test is
essential due to the drug’s potential for systemic toxicity?
A. Audiogram
B. Bone density scan
C. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
D. Hemoglobin A1c
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone can cause pulmonary fibrosis; therefore, baseline
PFTs and chest X-rays are required, along with periodic monitoring of thyroid and liver
function.
4. A 54-year-old male with asthma is diagnosed with hypertension. Which class of
antihypertensives should be avoided or used with extreme caution?
A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. Non-selective Beta Blockers
, C. Thiazide Diuretics
D. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Non-selective beta blockers (like Propranolol) block Beta-2
receptors in the lungs, potentially causing bronchospasm in patients with asthma or COPD.
5. What is the primary mechanism of action of Ezetimibe in treating hyperlipidemia?
A. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
B. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption at the brush border of the small intestine
C. Binding of bile acids in the intestine
D. Activation of PPAR-alpha
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Ezetimibe selectively inhibits the absorption of cholesterol in
the small intestine, specifically targeting the NPC1L1 transport protein.
6. Which anticoagulant requires routine monitoring of the International Normalized Ratio
(INR)?
A. Rivaroxaban
B. Warfarin
C. Apixaban
UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
100% GUARANTEE PASS | UNIVERSITY
OF SOUTH ALABAMA
1. A 65-year-old patient with heart failure is prescribed Digoxin. Which electrolyte imbalance
significantly increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia enhances the effects of digoxin because potassium
and digoxin compete for the same binding site on the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. Low
potassium allows more digoxin to bind, leading to toxicity.
2. Which of the following is a primary contraindication for the use of ACE inhibitors such as
Lisinopril?
A. History of angioedema
B. Diabetes mellitus
,C. Hypokalemia
D. Left ventricular hypertrophy
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A history of angioedema (especially if caused by previous ACE
inhibitor use) is a life-threatening contraindication due to the accumulation of bradykinin.
3. A patient is starting Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. Which baseline diagnostic test is
essential due to the drug’s potential for systemic toxicity?
A. Audiogram
B. Bone density scan
C. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
D. Hemoglobin A1c
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone can cause pulmonary fibrosis; therefore, baseline
PFTs and chest X-rays are required, along with periodic monitoring of thyroid and liver
function.
4. A 54-year-old male with asthma is diagnosed with hypertension. Which class of
antihypertensives should be avoided or used with extreme caution?
A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. Non-selective Beta Blockers
, C. Thiazide Diuretics
D. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Non-selective beta blockers (like Propranolol) block Beta-2
receptors in the lungs, potentially causing bronchospasm in patients with asthma or COPD.
5. What is the primary mechanism of action of Ezetimibe in treating hyperlipidemia?
A. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
B. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption at the brush border of the small intestine
C. Binding of bile acids in the intestine
D. Activation of PPAR-alpha
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Ezetimibe selectively inhibits the absorption of cholesterol in
the small intestine, specifically targeting the NPC1L1 transport protein.
6. Which anticoagulant requires routine monitoring of the International Normalized Ratio
(INR)?
A. Rivaroxaban
B. Warfarin
C. Apixaban
