NUR 445 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NUR 445 EXAM
2 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Factors involved in HTN - ANS ✔✔Excess sodium intake
stress
obesity
Primary HTN - ANS ✔✔don't know what causes it
Secondary HTN - ANS ✔✔specific thing we can link it to
EX: medication side effect
Clinical manifestations of HTN - ANS ✔✔usually silent but as it gets higher:
HA
skin flushing
dizzy
vision changes
retinal hemorrhages
Parameters for HTN - ANS ✔✔2 consecutive readings with elevated BP by a healthcare provider, typically
2 weeks apart and when they are healthy
Risk factors for HTN - ANS ✔✔smoking
diabetes
obesity
high cholesterol
family Hx
impaired renal/liver function
Prehypertensive BP levels - ANS ✔✔120-139/80-89
Stage 1 Hypertension levels - ANS ✔✔140-159/90-99
Stage 2 hypertension levels - ANS ✔✔>160/>100
What is angiotensin? - ANS ✔✔a protein made in the liver that is a vasoconstrictor
What is the first line of HTN management? - ANS ✔✔lifestyle changes:
-restrict Na intake
-increase exercise/physical activity
-stop smoking
-maintain optimal weight
-decrease stress
ACE inhibitors - ANS ✔✔-pril
,-decrease peripheral resistance, decrease blood volume
SE: ACE cough, angioedema
ARBs - ANS ✔✔-sartan
-causes arterial dilation
-SE: angioedema, increase Na excretion in kidneys
Beta-blockers - ANS ✔✔-olol
-blocks epinephrine
-decrease HR and contractility
-decrease cardiac output and BP
-prescribed for HF patients
-SE: decrease anxiety, bradycardia, decreased libido, ED in men
Calcium Channel Blockers - ANS ✔✔-pine
-relaxes arterial smooth muscle - decreases peripheral resistance and lowers BP
-for angina and cardiac dysrhythmias
Selective Calcium Channel Blockers - ANS ✔✔- specifically target smooth cardiac muscle
- cardizem and verapamil
What is the first line medication for HTN? - ANS ✔✔diuretics
What are the nursing diagnosis for HTN patients? - ANS ✔✔-ineffective tissue perfusion
-deficient knowledge
-noncompliance
What are the goals for HTN patients? - ANS ✔✔-promote adherence
-increase knowledge about HTN
HTN nursing interventions - ANS ✔✔-education on nutrition: decrease Na diet
-importance of taking their medicine
-how to monitor their BP at home
-when they should notify their Dr
What to monitor with HTN patients (evaluation) - ANS ✔✔-monitor for complications
-make sure there is a BP follow-up
-pt can report back knowledge
Potential complications of HTN - ANS ✔✔Heart Failure
Heart Attack
TIA/stroke
Kidney/liver damage
Retinal damage
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Gerontologic Considerations with HTN - ANS ✔✔Polypharmacy
Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension
, May be more affected by med SE
Hypertensive Emergency - ANS ✔✔-greater than 180/120
-at risk for organ damage
- at risk for intracranial hemorrhage, heart attack, and aneurysm rupture (brain and aorta)
- administer direct vasodilator
Direct Vasodialators - ANS ✔✔-Hydralazine
-massive and sharp decrease in BP
-used in HTN emergency situations and for strict BP control
Hypertensive Urgency - ANS ✔✔-increased BP but not immediate concern for organ damage
-160-180/upper 90s-lower 100s
-SE: HA, nose bleeds, anxiety
What do cardiac biomarkers evaluate? - ANS ✔✔heart function
Creatine Kinase (CK) - ANS ✔✔-used to suggest infarct right after and just hours after infarct
-men: 50-325
-women: 50-250
Myoglobin - ANS ✔✔-High when muscle tissue is damaged but it lacks specificity
-5-70
Troponinn T & I - ANS ✔✔-the most sensitive test for MI
-released 2-4 hours and lasts up to 14 days
<0.2
-peak within 24 hours and then trends down
BNP - ANS ✔✔-increased with heart failure
-neurohormone to regulate BP and fluid volume
-<100
C-reactive protein - ANS ✔✔-rise in response to systemic inflammation can indicate progression of
atherosclerosis
-<3
Homocysteine - ANS ✔✔-high levels rise in relation to endothelial lining damage and formation of
thrombus related to atherosclerosis
-high risk >15
What does a lipid profile tell you? - ANS ✔✔Risk factor for heart disease
What is a lipid profile comprised of? - ANS ✔✔Cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins
Normal cholesterol level - ANS ✔✔less than 200
Normal LDL level - ANS ✔✔Less than 100
2 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Factors involved in HTN - ANS ✔✔Excess sodium intake
stress
obesity
Primary HTN - ANS ✔✔don't know what causes it
Secondary HTN - ANS ✔✔specific thing we can link it to
EX: medication side effect
Clinical manifestations of HTN - ANS ✔✔usually silent but as it gets higher:
HA
skin flushing
dizzy
vision changes
retinal hemorrhages
Parameters for HTN - ANS ✔✔2 consecutive readings with elevated BP by a healthcare provider, typically
2 weeks apart and when they are healthy
Risk factors for HTN - ANS ✔✔smoking
diabetes
obesity
high cholesterol
family Hx
impaired renal/liver function
Prehypertensive BP levels - ANS ✔✔120-139/80-89
Stage 1 Hypertension levels - ANS ✔✔140-159/90-99
Stage 2 hypertension levels - ANS ✔✔>160/>100
What is angiotensin? - ANS ✔✔a protein made in the liver that is a vasoconstrictor
What is the first line of HTN management? - ANS ✔✔lifestyle changes:
-restrict Na intake
-increase exercise/physical activity
-stop smoking
-maintain optimal weight
-decrease stress
ACE inhibitors - ANS ✔✔-pril
,-decrease peripheral resistance, decrease blood volume
SE: ACE cough, angioedema
ARBs - ANS ✔✔-sartan
-causes arterial dilation
-SE: angioedema, increase Na excretion in kidneys
Beta-blockers - ANS ✔✔-olol
-blocks epinephrine
-decrease HR and contractility
-decrease cardiac output and BP
-prescribed for HF patients
-SE: decrease anxiety, bradycardia, decreased libido, ED in men
Calcium Channel Blockers - ANS ✔✔-pine
-relaxes arterial smooth muscle - decreases peripheral resistance and lowers BP
-for angina and cardiac dysrhythmias
Selective Calcium Channel Blockers - ANS ✔✔- specifically target smooth cardiac muscle
- cardizem and verapamil
What is the first line medication for HTN? - ANS ✔✔diuretics
What are the nursing diagnosis for HTN patients? - ANS ✔✔-ineffective tissue perfusion
-deficient knowledge
-noncompliance
What are the goals for HTN patients? - ANS ✔✔-promote adherence
-increase knowledge about HTN
HTN nursing interventions - ANS ✔✔-education on nutrition: decrease Na diet
-importance of taking their medicine
-how to monitor their BP at home
-when they should notify their Dr
What to monitor with HTN patients (evaluation) - ANS ✔✔-monitor for complications
-make sure there is a BP follow-up
-pt can report back knowledge
Potential complications of HTN - ANS ✔✔Heart Failure
Heart Attack
TIA/stroke
Kidney/liver damage
Retinal damage
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Gerontologic Considerations with HTN - ANS ✔✔Polypharmacy
Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension
, May be more affected by med SE
Hypertensive Emergency - ANS ✔✔-greater than 180/120
-at risk for organ damage
- at risk for intracranial hemorrhage, heart attack, and aneurysm rupture (brain and aorta)
- administer direct vasodilator
Direct Vasodialators - ANS ✔✔-Hydralazine
-massive and sharp decrease in BP
-used in HTN emergency situations and for strict BP control
Hypertensive Urgency - ANS ✔✔-increased BP but not immediate concern for organ damage
-160-180/upper 90s-lower 100s
-SE: HA, nose bleeds, anxiety
What do cardiac biomarkers evaluate? - ANS ✔✔heart function
Creatine Kinase (CK) - ANS ✔✔-used to suggest infarct right after and just hours after infarct
-men: 50-325
-women: 50-250
Myoglobin - ANS ✔✔-High when muscle tissue is damaged but it lacks specificity
-5-70
Troponinn T & I - ANS ✔✔-the most sensitive test for MI
-released 2-4 hours and lasts up to 14 days
<0.2
-peak within 24 hours and then trends down
BNP - ANS ✔✔-increased with heart failure
-neurohormone to regulate BP and fluid volume
-<100
C-reactive protein - ANS ✔✔-rise in response to systemic inflammation can indicate progression of
atherosclerosis
-<3
Homocysteine - ANS ✔✔-high levels rise in relation to endothelial lining damage and formation of
thrombus related to atherosclerosis
-high risk >15
What does a lipid profile tell you? - ANS ✔✔Risk factor for heart disease
What is a lipid profile comprised of? - ANS ✔✔Cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins
Normal cholesterol level - ANS ✔✔less than 200
Normal LDL level - ANS ✔✔Less than 100
