EXSS 380: Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
_____________across the membrane is due to two forces
(concentration gradient and electrostatic force), selective
membrane permeability and the sodium-potassium pump.
Correct Answers net ion flux
__________allow action potentials to be self-regenerative and
maintain amplitude. Correct Answers propagation
__________and_________are caused by changes in resting
potential Correct Answers excitation
inhibition
__________occurs when the membrane potential is below the
resting membrane potential Correct Answers
afterhyperpolarization (hyperpolarization)
__________receptors are essential for precision control of grip
force. Correct Answers cutaneous
________informs primary and premotor areas concerning
inhibition or excitation of various pathways Correct Answers
cerebellum
________receptors are sensitive to joint loading because there
are infinite # of afferent outputs at the same joint. Correct
Answers articular
,________refers to increased muscle tone and resistance to
external forces (as seen in Parkinson's) Correct Answers
rigidity
________refers to slowness of movement and prolonged
reaction time (seen in Parkinson's) Correct Answers
bradykinesia
_______is the sustained maximal tension due to high frequency
stimulation, in that increase in firing frequency can NOT
produce an increase in force for a particular motor unit. Correct
Answers tetanus
_______refers to involuntary, oscillatory movements (seen in
Parkinson's) Correct Answers tremor
______of muscle can tell us about how the _______is positioned
Correct Answers length
joint
A change in muscle length is equal to a change in_________
Correct Answers joint motion
A motor unit refers to: Correct Answers a single alpha motor
neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
All fibers within a __________are the same type Correct
Answers motor unit
An activity that requires voluntary movement to achieve a goal
refers to: Correct Answers motor skill
, An example of a neuropeptide neurotransmitter is: Correct
Answers endorphins
Articular/joint receptors include which type of
mechanoreceptors? Correct Answers ruffini endings
pacinian corpuscles
golgi endings
free nerve endings
Aside from Type II afferents in the muscle spindle, what other
types of receptors contribute to proprioception? Correct
Answers cutaneous receptors
At resting membrane potential, what is the electrical potential
for skeletal muscle? Correct Answers -80 mv
At what phase of the action potential is there a complete reversal
of potential? Correct Answers overshoot
At what region does the axon join the soma? Correct Answers
axon hillock
Because most synapses are nonobligatory, what two
mechanisms are used to allow the postsynaptic cell to generate
an action potential? Correct Answers temporal summation
spatial summation
By lengthening skeletal muscle, you also lengthen_______via
connective tissues Correct Answers intrafusal muscle fibers
_____________across the membrane is due to two forces
(concentration gradient and electrostatic force), selective
membrane permeability and the sodium-potassium pump.
Correct Answers net ion flux
__________allow action potentials to be self-regenerative and
maintain amplitude. Correct Answers propagation
__________and_________are caused by changes in resting
potential Correct Answers excitation
inhibition
__________occurs when the membrane potential is below the
resting membrane potential Correct Answers
afterhyperpolarization (hyperpolarization)
__________receptors are essential for precision control of grip
force. Correct Answers cutaneous
________informs primary and premotor areas concerning
inhibition or excitation of various pathways Correct Answers
cerebellum
________receptors are sensitive to joint loading because there
are infinite # of afferent outputs at the same joint. Correct
Answers articular
,________refers to increased muscle tone and resistance to
external forces (as seen in Parkinson's) Correct Answers
rigidity
________refers to slowness of movement and prolonged
reaction time (seen in Parkinson's) Correct Answers
bradykinesia
_______is the sustained maximal tension due to high frequency
stimulation, in that increase in firing frequency can NOT
produce an increase in force for a particular motor unit. Correct
Answers tetanus
_______refers to involuntary, oscillatory movements (seen in
Parkinson's) Correct Answers tremor
______of muscle can tell us about how the _______is positioned
Correct Answers length
joint
A change in muscle length is equal to a change in_________
Correct Answers joint motion
A motor unit refers to: Correct Answers a single alpha motor
neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
All fibers within a __________are the same type Correct
Answers motor unit
An activity that requires voluntary movement to achieve a goal
refers to: Correct Answers motor skill
, An example of a neuropeptide neurotransmitter is: Correct
Answers endorphins
Articular/joint receptors include which type of
mechanoreceptors? Correct Answers ruffini endings
pacinian corpuscles
golgi endings
free nerve endings
Aside from Type II afferents in the muscle spindle, what other
types of receptors contribute to proprioception? Correct
Answers cutaneous receptors
At resting membrane potential, what is the electrical potential
for skeletal muscle? Correct Answers -80 mv
At what phase of the action potential is there a complete reversal
of potential? Correct Answers overshoot
At what region does the axon join the soma? Correct Answers
axon hillock
Because most synapses are nonobligatory, what two
mechanisms are used to allow the postsynaptic cell to generate
an action potential? Correct Answers temporal summation
spatial summation
By lengthening skeletal muscle, you also lengthen_______via
connective tissues Correct Answers intrafusal muscle fibers
