PNLE- NP4 Test 2 Practice Study Guide
with Answers 2026-2027.
1. Following spinal injury, the nurse should encourage the client to drink fluids to avoid:
A. Urinary tract infection.
B. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
C. Dehydration.
D. Skin breakdown. - Answer A.
Clients in the early stage of spinal cord damage experience an atonic bladder, which is
characterized by the absence of muscle tone, an enlarged capacity, no feeling of discomfort with
distention, and overflow with a large residual. This leads to urinary stasis and infection. High
fluid intake limits urinary stasis and infection by diluting the urine and increasing urinary output.
2. The client is transferred from the operating room to recovery room after an open-heart
surgery. The nurse assigned is taking the vital signs of the client. The nurse notified the
physician when the temperature of the client rises to 38.8 ºC or 102 ºF because elevated
temperatures:
A. May be a forerunner of hemorrhage.
B. Are related to diaphoresis and possible chilling.
C. May indicate cerebral edema.
D. Increase the cardiac output. - Answer D.
The temperature of 102 ºF (38.8ºC) or greater lead to an increased metabolism and cardiac
workload.
3. After radiation therapy for cancer of the prostate, the client experienced irritation in the
bladder. Which of the following sign of bladder irritability is correct?
A. Hematuria
B. Dysuria
C. Polyuria
D. Dribbling - Answer B.
Dysuria, nocturia, and urgency are all signs an irritable bladder after radiation therapy.
4. A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor in the occipital lobe. Which of the following will the
client most likely experience?
, A. Visual hallucinations.
B. Receptive aphasia.
C. Hemiparesis.
D. Personality changes. - Answer A.
The occipital lobe is involved with visual interpretation.
5. A client with Addison's disease has a blood pressure of 65/60. The nurse understands that
decreased blood pressure of the client with Addison's disease involves a disturbance in the
production of:
A. Androgens
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Mineralocorticoids
D. Estrogen - Answer C.
Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone cause the kidneys to retain sodium ions. With sodium,
water is also retained, elevating blood pressure. Absence of this hormone thus causes
hypotension.
6. The nurse is planning to teach the client about a spontaneous pneumothorax. The nurse
would base the teaching on the understanding that:
A. Inspired air will move from the lung into the pleural space.
B. There is greater negative pressure within the chest cavity.
C. The heart and great vessels shift to the affected side.
D. The other lung will collapse if not treated immediately. - Answer B.
As a person with a tear in the lung inhales, air moves through that opening into the intrapleural
and causes partial or complete collapse of the lungs.
7. During an assessment, the nurse recognizes that the client has an increased risk for
developing cancer of the tongue. Which of the following health history will be a concern?
A. Heavy consumption of alcohol.
B. Frequent gum chewing.
C. Nail biting.
D. Poor dental habits. - Answer A.
Heavy alcohol ingestion predisposes an individual to the development of oral cancer.
with Answers 2026-2027.
1. Following spinal injury, the nurse should encourage the client to drink fluids to avoid:
A. Urinary tract infection.
B. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
C. Dehydration.
D. Skin breakdown. - Answer A.
Clients in the early stage of spinal cord damage experience an atonic bladder, which is
characterized by the absence of muscle tone, an enlarged capacity, no feeling of discomfort with
distention, and overflow with a large residual. This leads to urinary stasis and infection. High
fluid intake limits urinary stasis and infection by diluting the urine and increasing urinary output.
2. The client is transferred from the operating room to recovery room after an open-heart
surgery. The nurse assigned is taking the vital signs of the client. The nurse notified the
physician when the temperature of the client rises to 38.8 ºC or 102 ºF because elevated
temperatures:
A. May be a forerunner of hemorrhage.
B. Are related to diaphoresis and possible chilling.
C. May indicate cerebral edema.
D. Increase the cardiac output. - Answer D.
The temperature of 102 ºF (38.8ºC) or greater lead to an increased metabolism and cardiac
workload.
3. After radiation therapy for cancer of the prostate, the client experienced irritation in the
bladder. Which of the following sign of bladder irritability is correct?
A. Hematuria
B. Dysuria
C. Polyuria
D. Dribbling - Answer B.
Dysuria, nocturia, and urgency are all signs an irritable bladder after radiation therapy.
4. A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor in the occipital lobe. Which of the following will the
client most likely experience?
, A. Visual hallucinations.
B. Receptive aphasia.
C. Hemiparesis.
D. Personality changes. - Answer A.
The occipital lobe is involved with visual interpretation.
5. A client with Addison's disease has a blood pressure of 65/60. The nurse understands that
decreased blood pressure of the client with Addison's disease involves a disturbance in the
production of:
A. Androgens
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Mineralocorticoids
D. Estrogen - Answer C.
Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone cause the kidneys to retain sodium ions. With sodium,
water is also retained, elevating blood pressure. Absence of this hormone thus causes
hypotension.
6. The nurse is planning to teach the client about a spontaneous pneumothorax. The nurse
would base the teaching on the understanding that:
A. Inspired air will move from the lung into the pleural space.
B. There is greater negative pressure within the chest cavity.
C. The heart and great vessels shift to the affected side.
D. The other lung will collapse if not treated immediately. - Answer B.
As a person with a tear in the lung inhales, air moves through that opening into the intrapleural
and causes partial or complete collapse of the lungs.
7. During an assessment, the nurse recognizes that the client has an increased risk for
developing cancer of the tongue. Which of the following health history will be a concern?
A. Heavy consumption of alcohol.
B. Frequent gum chewing.
C. Nail biting.
D. Poor dental habits. - Answer A.
Heavy alcohol ingestion predisposes an individual to the development of oral cancer.
