CIE A Level Sociology –
Education 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review
Updated Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, External factors that could affect students' educational Support system
achievement Bakcground - i.e. family
Social class/finances
Mental/physical health
Race
Gender
Internal factors that could affect students' educational Relationships with teachers
achievement Class size
School/teacher quality
School resources
Type of school (e.g. grammar, comprehensive, vocational)
Bullying - teacher to student/student to student
Setting and streaming
Padfield (1997 - Interactionist) Positive and negative labelling.
Labels, such as "naughty child", gained withing the school influence the official
definitions of pupils. Pupils' self-perceptions are then altered.
Brimi (2005) Notes the impact of family background and how successfully children are labelled -
this can cause barriers to success.
Keddie The academic label attached to pupils follows them through schooling. This is a
crucial influence in how teachers perceive students. Teachers do not renew labels
given to students.
Evaluation of labelling You can reject these labels.
Bowles and Gintis (2002 - Marxist) Correspondence principle - the structure and organisation of the workplace is
mirrored in the organisation of schools.
Workplace inequalities are reflected and reproduced through the education system
in a range of ways:
Discipline (i.e. through timings and routines)
Uniform
Hierarchy
Lack of choice
Rewards and sanctions
Unequal gender roles.
Correspondence principle is maintained at all levels of the education system,
usually through streaming.
Gendered curriculum Situation in which males and females choose, or are given, different subjects to
study. E.g. home economics: boys - 6%, girls - 94%. Physics: boys - 76%, girls -
24%.
Education 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review
Updated Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, External factors that could affect students' educational Support system
achievement Bakcground - i.e. family
Social class/finances
Mental/physical health
Race
Gender
Internal factors that could affect students' educational Relationships with teachers
achievement Class size
School/teacher quality
School resources
Type of school (e.g. grammar, comprehensive, vocational)
Bullying - teacher to student/student to student
Setting and streaming
Padfield (1997 - Interactionist) Positive and negative labelling.
Labels, such as "naughty child", gained withing the school influence the official
definitions of pupils. Pupils' self-perceptions are then altered.
Brimi (2005) Notes the impact of family background and how successfully children are labelled -
this can cause barriers to success.
Keddie The academic label attached to pupils follows them through schooling. This is a
crucial influence in how teachers perceive students. Teachers do not renew labels
given to students.
Evaluation of labelling You can reject these labels.
Bowles and Gintis (2002 - Marxist) Correspondence principle - the structure and organisation of the workplace is
mirrored in the organisation of schools.
Workplace inequalities are reflected and reproduced through the education system
in a range of ways:
Discipline (i.e. through timings and routines)
Uniform
Hierarchy
Lack of choice
Rewards and sanctions
Unequal gender roles.
Correspondence principle is maintained at all levels of the education system,
usually through streaming.
Gendered curriculum Situation in which males and females choose, or are given, different subjects to
study. E.g. home economics: boys - 6%, girls - 94%. Physics: boys - 76%, girls -
24%.
