Galen Med Surg Exam 3 2026/2027 (Answered)
Galen Med Surg Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv0vwy
1. Risk factors for the development of Family hx, viral infections, autoimmune destruction
Type 1 DM of beta cells
2. Usual onset of age for Type 1 DM? Children and people under the age of 30
3. Risk factors for Type 2 DM Obesity, poor diet, smoking, sedentary lifestyle,
cardiovascular diseases, elevated triglycerides, low
HDL, HTN, gestational diabetes, birthing a baby
weighing 9 pounds or more, elevated fasting glu-
cose, racial minorities (Native Americans, African
Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders
4. Please explain the steps for prepar- Air into cloudy (NPH), Air into clear (regular), Draw
ing a mixed dose of insulin. Which up clear, Draw up cloudy. NPH needs to be rolled
insulin is cloudy, and which is clear? but not shaken
Which insulin must be "rolled" be-
fore use to ensure the suspension is
mixed?
5. Discuss some of the recommen- Exercise can cause hypoglycemia.
dations and precautions regarding Adjustments: carry a rescue carb, prior to exercise
physical activity and exercise in indi- carry and use a complex carb snack. Don't exercise
viduals with diabetes. during peak hours or w/in 1 hour of insulin injec-
tion. Check glucose beforehand and often on days
when you exercise. If the client is doing unplanned
exercise, they need to consume more carbs, if it is
planned exercise, they need less insulin.
6. Adverse effects of the following an- Diarrhea. It is known to not cause hypoglycemia.
tidiabetic drug Metformin Cannot be given to anyone with renal impairment.
7. Adverse effects of the following an- is a Sulfonylureas. Known to cause weight gain and
tidiabetic drug Glipizide hypoglycemia.
1 of 19
, Galen Med Surg Exam 3 2026/2027 (Answered)
Galen Med Surg Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv0vwy
8. Adverse effects of the following an- is a TZD. Contraindicated in people with HF, monitor
tidiabetic drug Rosiglitazone liver with frequent liver function tests.
9. Adverse effects of the following an- Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (epigastric pain
tidiabetic drug Exenatide radiating to the back, N/V)
10. Adverse effects of the following an- Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (epigastric pain
tidiabetic drug Sitagliptin radiating to the back, N/V)
11. Where is the preferred site for inject- The abdomen because it is absorbed the quickest
ing insulin? and most consistently.
12. What are some other common injec- Fatty areas: thighs, back of arm, buttocks.
tion sites?
13. Are there any special considerations never massage
with respect to injecting site?
14. S/S of severe hyperglycemia (diabetic Elevated serum ketones, acidosis, hypovolemia,
acidosis) Kussmaul's, fruity breath, electrolyte imbalances.
15. What are some general guidelines Cut toenails straight across, not rounded. Lotion feet
for DM for good foot care? but not in between the toes. Wear white cotton,
clean socks. Use a mirror to check the bottom of your
feet. Check feet daily and don't wear the same shoes
every day. Buy close-toed shoes and buy them later
in the day.
16. Dawn phenomenon and treatment? BG rises throughout the night and is very high in the
morning. To treat this, the pt. will need more insulin
at night.
17. Somogyi effect and treatment?
2 of 19
, Galen Med Surg Exam 3 2026/2027 (Answered)
Galen Med Surg Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv0vwy
is rebound hyperglycemia from overnight hypo-
glycemia. To treat this, the pt. will need less insulin
and a snack before bed.
18. Dawn phenomenon vs Somogyi ef- Both cause a.m. Hyperglycemia. Check blood sugar
fect btwn 2 and 3 am to tell if it is Somogyi or dawn. High
= dawn, low = Somogyi
19. What are the s/s of hypoglycemia? Diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, irritabil-
ity, blurred vision, AMS, slurred speech, numb-
ness/tingling, hunger.
20. The "rule of 15's" for hyperglycemia 15 grams of rapid-acting carbs and recheck in 15
management (15-15 rule) minutes (juice, soda, honey, life savers). (Cold and
clammy give some candy)
21. Under what circumstances should Glucagon should be given if a patient has severe
the nurse administer glucagon to hypoglycemia.
treat hypoglycemia?
22. Hemoglobin A1C gives the health- 3 months
care provider an indication of
glycemic control over the past
___________?
23. An A1C of less than ______ indicates 7%
your diabetic patient has achieved
good glycemic control.
24. How often should people with dia- Twice a year
betes have their A1C tested?
25. A patient in your care receives 10 It will peak within 2-4 hours; because the peak is
units of regular insulin at 1130am. when the pt. is at risk for hypoglycemia.
3 of 19
Galen Med Surg Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv0vwy
1. Risk factors for the development of Family hx, viral infections, autoimmune destruction
Type 1 DM of beta cells
2. Usual onset of age for Type 1 DM? Children and people under the age of 30
3. Risk factors for Type 2 DM Obesity, poor diet, smoking, sedentary lifestyle,
cardiovascular diseases, elevated triglycerides, low
HDL, HTN, gestational diabetes, birthing a baby
weighing 9 pounds or more, elevated fasting glu-
cose, racial minorities (Native Americans, African
Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders
4. Please explain the steps for prepar- Air into cloudy (NPH), Air into clear (regular), Draw
ing a mixed dose of insulin. Which up clear, Draw up cloudy. NPH needs to be rolled
insulin is cloudy, and which is clear? but not shaken
Which insulin must be "rolled" be-
fore use to ensure the suspension is
mixed?
5. Discuss some of the recommen- Exercise can cause hypoglycemia.
dations and precautions regarding Adjustments: carry a rescue carb, prior to exercise
physical activity and exercise in indi- carry and use a complex carb snack. Don't exercise
viduals with diabetes. during peak hours or w/in 1 hour of insulin injec-
tion. Check glucose beforehand and often on days
when you exercise. If the client is doing unplanned
exercise, they need to consume more carbs, if it is
planned exercise, they need less insulin.
6. Adverse effects of the following an- Diarrhea. It is known to not cause hypoglycemia.
tidiabetic drug Metformin Cannot be given to anyone with renal impairment.
7. Adverse effects of the following an- is a Sulfonylureas. Known to cause weight gain and
tidiabetic drug Glipizide hypoglycemia.
1 of 19
, Galen Med Surg Exam 3 2026/2027 (Answered)
Galen Med Surg Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv0vwy
8. Adverse effects of the following an- is a TZD. Contraindicated in people with HF, monitor
tidiabetic drug Rosiglitazone liver with frequent liver function tests.
9. Adverse effects of the following an- Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (epigastric pain
tidiabetic drug Exenatide radiating to the back, N/V)
10. Adverse effects of the following an- Monitor for signs of pancreatitis (epigastric pain
tidiabetic drug Sitagliptin radiating to the back, N/V)
11. Where is the preferred site for inject- The abdomen because it is absorbed the quickest
ing insulin? and most consistently.
12. What are some other common injec- Fatty areas: thighs, back of arm, buttocks.
tion sites?
13. Are there any special considerations never massage
with respect to injecting site?
14. S/S of severe hyperglycemia (diabetic Elevated serum ketones, acidosis, hypovolemia,
acidosis) Kussmaul's, fruity breath, electrolyte imbalances.
15. What are some general guidelines Cut toenails straight across, not rounded. Lotion feet
for DM for good foot care? but not in between the toes. Wear white cotton,
clean socks. Use a mirror to check the bottom of your
feet. Check feet daily and don't wear the same shoes
every day. Buy close-toed shoes and buy them later
in the day.
16. Dawn phenomenon and treatment? BG rises throughout the night and is very high in the
morning. To treat this, the pt. will need more insulin
at night.
17. Somogyi effect and treatment?
2 of 19
, Galen Med Surg Exam 3 2026/2027 (Answered)
Galen Med Surg Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bv0vwy
is rebound hyperglycemia from overnight hypo-
glycemia. To treat this, the pt. will need less insulin
and a snack before bed.
18. Dawn phenomenon vs Somogyi ef- Both cause a.m. Hyperglycemia. Check blood sugar
fect btwn 2 and 3 am to tell if it is Somogyi or dawn. High
= dawn, low = Somogyi
19. What are the s/s of hypoglycemia? Diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, irritabil-
ity, blurred vision, AMS, slurred speech, numb-
ness/tingling, hunger.
20. The "rule of 15's" for hyperglycemia 15 grams of rapid-acting carbs and recheck in 15
management (15-15 rule) minutes (juice, soda, honey, life savers). (Cold and
clammy give some candy)
21. Under what circumstances should Glucagon should be given if a patient has severe
the nurse administer glucagon to hypoglycemia.
treat hypoglycemia?
22. Hemoglobin A1C gives the health- 3 months
care provider an indication of
glycemic control over the past
___________?
23. An A1C of less than ______ indicates 7%
your diabetic patient has achieved
good glycemic control.
24. How often should people with dia- Twice a year
betes have their A1C tested?
25. A patient in your care receives 10 It will peak within 2-4 hours; because the peak is
units of regular insulin at 1130am. when the pt. is at risk for hypoglycemia.
3 of 19
