UNC EXSS 181 FINAL EXAM COMPLETE TEST
PAPER WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ 3 ways of knowing: advantages and disadvantages.
Answer: Common sense
Intuition, speculation
Strengths: easy, quick
Limitations: not based on experience or data so greatest chance of
being wrong
Practical Experience
Observations, case studies
Strengths: holistic, immediate, innovative
Limitations: fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
Science
Systematic, controlled, empirical investigations of relationships
among phenomena
Strengths: Reliable, "objective and unbiased"
Limitations: reductionistic, slow to evolve, sometimes not practical
◉ 4 steps in the scientific method.
Answer: ~~Develop the problem
What is the PURPOSE
,Identify independent and dependent variables
~~Formulate hypotheses
Must be testable (make a specific prediction that can be supported
or refuted)
~~Gather Data
Who are the participants?
What is the method (procedures, measures)?
~~Analyze and interpret results
Support/refute hypotheses
Compare to other research
◉ IV vs. DV.
Answer: Independent: does not change/depend on the variable that
is manipulated.
Dependent: does change/depend on the variable that is
manipulated.
◉ What is a theory?.
Answer:
◉ What are the individual ABCs of sport and exercise psychology.
, Answer: A = affect (feeling states)
How do anxiety or anger influence performance?
B = behavior (actions)
Why are some people so committed to a PA/training routine and
others not?
C = cognition (thoughts)
Why do some athletes choke under pressure?
Why do some athletes have negative thoughts during performance?
◉ Define ABCs and differentiate them fro like constructs (affect from
emotion).
Answer: A = affect (feeling states)
Affect vs. emotion vs. mood
Affect :Positive affect - optimal states of energy, concentration &
pleasurable engagement
:Negative affect - sense of distress or unpleasant engagement
Emotion - affect & behavior congruent with, directed at particular
stimulus
Mood - diffuse and global expressions of emotion/affect
PAPER WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ 3 ways of knowing: advantages and disadvantages.
Answer: Common sense
Intuition, speculation
Strengths: easy, quick
Limitations: not based on experience or data so greatest chance of
being wrong
Practical Experience
Observations, case studies
Strengths: holistic, immediate, innovative
Limitations: fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
Science
Systematic, controlled, empirical investigations of relationships
among phenomena
Strengths: Reliable, "objective and unbiased"
Limitations: reductionistic, slow to evolve, sometimes not practical
◉ 4 steps in the scientific method.
Answer: ~~Develop the problem
What is the PURPOSE
,Identify independent and dependent variables
~~Formulate hypotheses
Must be testable (make a specific prediction that can be supported
or refuted)
~~Gather Data
Who are the participants?
What is the method (procedures, measures)?
~~Analyze and interpret results
Support/refute hypotheses
Compare to other research
◉ IV vs. DV.
Answer: Independent: does not change/depend on the variable that
is manipulated.
Dependent: does change/depend on the variable that is
manipulated.
◉ What is a theory?.
Answer:
◉ What are the individual ABCs of sport and exercise psychology.
, Answer: A = affect (feeling states)
How do anxiety or anger influence performance?
B = behavior (actions)
Why are some people so committed to a PA/training routine and
others not?
C = cognition (thoughts)
Why do some athletes choke under pressure?
Why do some athletes have negative thoughts during performance?
◉ Define ABCs and differentiate them fro like constructs (affect from
emotion).
Answer: A = affect (feeling states)
Affect vs. emotion vs. mood
Affect :Positive affect - optimal states of energy, concentration &
pleasurable engagement
:Negative affect - sense of distress or unpleasant engagement
Emotion - affect & behavior congruent with, directed at particular
stimulus
Mood - diffuse and global expressions of emotion/affect
