The Endocrine System-Pathophysiology
Exam 3 Questions and All Solved
Correctly 2026-2027 Updated.
Can you name the functions of the Endocrine System? - Answer -Differentiation of
reproductive system and CNS in fetus
-Stimulation of growth and development
-Coordination of the male and female reproductive systems
-Maintenance of internal environment
-Adaptation to emergency demands of body
What regulates the Pituitary Gland? - Answer It is regulated by the hypothalamus.
Can you tell what the the Anterior & Posterior Pituitary gland controls? - Answer *The
Anterior Pituitary gland regulates growth.
*The Posterior Pituitary gland controls ADH (An example is insufficiency of ADH which causes
Diabetes Insipidus).
What does the Thyroid gland control? - Answer T3 & T4
The Adrenal gland.... - Answer sits on tope of the kidneys.
*The renal cortex produces Erythropoietin.
*The Adrenal Medulla produces the main catecholamine, Epinephrine.
What two things are responsible for the female/male hormones? - Answer The ovaries &
testis.
,Patients who have ....?.......will have an enlarged Thymus, which normally shrinks in size with
age. Due to it increasing in size these patients have to have a Thymectomy which is surgical
removal of the thymus gland. - Answer "Myasthenia Gravis"
What is the main function of the Thymus? - Answer to produce mature T lymphocytes
What is Negative Feedback? - Answer This occurs when a changing chemical neural or
endocrine response to a stimulus decreases the synthesis and secretion of a hormone.
Which feedback mechanism is the MOST common? - Answer The Negative Feedback
mechanism is the MOST common.
What happens during Positive Feedback? - Answer During Positive Feedback a neural,
chemical or endocrine response increases the synthesis and secretion of a hormone.
Can you give some examples of what happens with aging & the Endocrine System? - Answer -
Organ atrophy and weight loss with vascular changes.
-Decreased secretion and clearance of hormones.
-Variable change in receptor binding and intracellular responses.
What can happen if there is hypersecretion of a hormone? - Answer Synthesis & release of too
much hormone can lead to Gigantism.
What can happen when there is a dysfunction of the Endocrine Gland in which there is a
hyposecretion of an organ? - Answer Failure to produce hormone can lead to dwarfism.
Can you identify Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations? - Answer When there is Dysfunction of
the Endocrine Gland you can have:
-Hyposecretion (Failure to produce hormone)
-Hypersecretion (Synthesis & release of too much hormone)
-Failure of feedback system
-Increased hormone degradation or inactivation
, -Inadequate blood supply to gland
-Ectopic source of hormones
-Target cell failure
Can you give an example of an ectopic source of hormones? - Answer First lets define the
term, "Ectopic". This means something besides the glands are making the hormone in question.
Let's look at small cell cancer in the lungs. It has the capacity to make Parathyroid hormones
which will lead to an increase in calcium in the body.
I am responsible for tissues no longer responding. An example of this would be: Type II
Diabetes. - Answer Target Cell failure.
Did you know that a Tubal Ligation can.... - Answer Cause problems with ovary issues and give
a patient extremely bad monthly cycles.
When a patient has Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) what
does this mean in regards to Fluid Volume, BP, and Urinary Output? - Answer SIADH is due to
hypersecretion of ADH. Do you remember what ADH does? ADH promotes reabsorption of
water back into the circulation. So when you have a hypersecretion of this hormone what do
you speculate will happen to these patients?
*These patients will have Fluid Volume EXCESS (hypoosmolality) and hyponatremia.
*The blood pressure will be INCREASED.
*The Urine output will be DECREASED!
What are other Clinical Manifestations associated with (SIADH)? - Answer Hyponatremia &
FVE (hypoosmolality) cause the S/S: thirst, anorexia, DOE, weight gain, muscle cramps,
concentrated urine.
*With this disease you will see Neuro issues because electrolytes are affected!
What is the etiology of SIADH? - Answer -Ectopic production of ADH (something else is
making)
Exam 3 Questions and All Solved
Correctly 2026-2027 Updated.
Can you name the functions of the Endocrine System? - Answer -Differentiation of
reproductive system and CNS in fetus
-Stimulation of growth and development
-Coordination of the male and female reproductive systems
-Maintenance of internal environment
-Adaptation to emergency demands of body
What regulates the Pituitary Gland? - Answer It is regulated by the hypothalamus.
Can you tell what the the Anterior & Posterior Pituitary gland controls? - Answer *The
Anterior Pituitary gland regulates growth.
*The Posterior Pituitary gland controls ADH (An example is insufficiency of ADH which causes
Diabetes Insipidus).
What does the Thyroid gland control? - Answer T3 & T4
The Adrenal gland.... - Answer sits on tope of the kidneys.
*The renal cortex produces Erythropoietin.
*The Adrenal Medulla produces the main catecholamine, Epinephrine.
What two things are responsible for the female/male hormones? - Answer The ovaries &
testis.
,Patients who have ....?.......will have an enlarged Thymus, which normally shrinks in size with
age. Due to it increasing in size these patients have to have a Thymectomy which is surgical
removal of the thymus gland. - Answer "Myasthenia Gravis"
What is the main function of the Thymus? - Answer to produce mature T lymphocytes
What is Negative Feedback? - Answer This occurs when a changing chemical neural or
endocrine response to a stimulus decreases the synthesis and secretion of a hormone.
Which feedback mechanism is the MOST common? - Answer The Negative Feedback
mechanism is the MOST common.
What happens during Positive Feedback? - Answer During Positive Feedback a neural,
chemical or endocrine response increases the synthesis and secretion of a hormone.
Can you give some examples of what happens with aging & the Endocrine System? - Answer -
Organ atrophy and weight loss with vascular changes.
-Decreased secretion and clearance of hormones.
-Variable change in receptor binding and intracellular responses.
What can happen if there is hypersecretion of a hormone? - Answer Synthesis & release of too
much hormone can lead to Gigantism.
What can happen when there is a dysfunction of the Endocrine Gland in which there is a
hyposecretion of an organ? - Answer Failure to produce hormone can lead to dwarfism.
Can you identify Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations? - Answer When there is Dysfunction of
the Endocrine Gland you can have:
-Hyposecretion (Failure to produce hormone)
-Hypersecretion (Synthesis & release of too much hormone)
-Failure of feedback system
-Increased hormone degradation or inactivation
, -Inadequate blood supply to gland
-Ectopic source of hormones
-Target cell failure
Can you give an example of an ectopic source of hormones? - Answer First lets define the
term, "Ectopic". This means something besides the glands are making the hormone in question.
Let's look at small cell cancer in the lungs. It has the capacity to make Parathyroid hormones
which will lead to an increase in calcium in the body.
I am responsible for tissues no longer responding. An example of this would be: Type II
Diabetes. - Answer Target Cell failure.
Did you know that a Tubal Ligation can.... - Answer Cause problems with ovary issues and give
a patient extremely bad monthly cycles.
When a patient has Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) what
does this mean in regards to Fluid Volume, BP, and Urinary Output? - Answer SIADH is due to
hypersecretion of ADH. Do you remember what ADH does? ADH promotes reabsorption of
water back into the circulation. So when you have a hypersecretion of this hormone what do
you speculate will happen to these patients?
*These patients will have Fluid Volume EXCESS (hypoosmolality) and hyponatremia.
*The blood pressure will be INCREASED.
*The Urine output will be DECREASED!
What are other Clinical Manifestations associated with (SIADH)? - Answer Hyponatremia &
FVE (hypoosmolality) cause the S/S: thirst, anorexia, DOE, weight gain, muscle cramps,
concentrated urine.
*With this disease you will see Neuro issues because electrolytes are affected!
What is the etiology of SIADH? - Answer -Ectopic production of ADH (something else is
making)
