A&P - Endocrine system Study Guide
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
Endocrine gland - Answer ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the
blood
Hormones - Answer steroidal or amino acid-based molecules released to the blood that act as
chemical messengers to regulate specific body functions
Gland - Answer organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body
or for elimination
Exocrine glands - Answer glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to
a particular site
Pineal gland - Answer -endocrine gland located in the diencephalon of the brain
-secretes melatonin
Pituitary gland - Answer -neuroendocrine gland located beneath the hypothalamus of the
brain
-anterior lobe secretes LH, FSH, GH, TSH, ACTH & PRL (prolactin)
-posterior lobe releases oxytocin & ADH (vasopressin) that are produced by hypothalamic
neurons
Thyroid gland - Answer -endocrine gland that straddles the anterior trachea
-secretes the amine hormone "thyroid hormone"
-secretes the peptide "calcitonin"
Parathyroid gland - Answer -small endocrine glands, commonly four, located on the posterior
aspect of the thyroid gland
-secrete PTH
Thymus gland - Answer -endocrine gland located deep to the sternum in the thorax
-secretes a family of peptide hormones that includes thymosin & thymopoietin
-large at birth & increases in size until puberty
, Adrenal gland - Answer -paired endocrine glands located superior to the kidneys
-each consists of an outer cortex & and inner medulla
-cortex secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids & androgens
-medulla secretes catecholamines
Pancreas (gland) - Answer -gland located behind the stomach, between the spleen &
duodenum
-produces both endo/exocrine secretions
-endocrine (the hormones insulin & glucagon)
-exocrine (digestive juices ducted to the small intestine)
Ovaries (gland) - Answer -paired endocrine glands located in the female pelvic cavity
-produce the female gametes
-secrete the steroids estrogen & progesterone
-secrete the peptide known as inhibin
Testes (gland) - Answer -paired endocrine glands located in the male scrotum outside the
abdominopelvic cavity
-produce the male gametes
-secrete the steroid testosterone
-secrete the peptide known as inhibin
Amine hormone - Answer derivatives of single amino acids, either tyrosine or tryptophan
Melatonin - Answer a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that coordinates body activities
with light-dark cycles
Hormones secreted by the "anterior pituitary gland" - Answer -LH (luteinizing hormone)
-FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
-GH (growth hormone)
-TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
-ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
-PRL (prolactin)
Hormones secreted by the "posterior pituitary gland" - Answer -oxytocin
-ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
Endocrine gland - Answer ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the
blood
Hormones - Answer steroidal or amino acid-based molecules released to the blood that act as
chemical messengers to regulate specific body functions
Gland - Answer organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body
or for elimination
Exocrine glands - Answer glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to
a particular site
Pineal gland - Answer -endocrine gland located in the diencephalon of the brain
-secretes melatonin
Pituitary gland - Answer -neuroendocrine gland located beneath the hypothalamus of the
brain
-anterior lobe secretes LH, FSH, GH, TSH, ACTH & PRL (prolactin)
-posterior lobe releases oxytocin & ADH (vasopressin) that are produced by hypothalamic
neurons
Thyroid gland - Answer -endocrine gland that straddles the anterior trachea
-secretes the amine hormone "thyroid hormone"
-secretes the peptide "calcitonin"
Parathyroid gland - Answer -small endocrine glands, commonly four, located on the posterior
aspect of the thyroid gland
-secrete PTH
Thymus gland - Answer -endocrine gland located deep to the sternum in the thorax
-secretes a family of peptide hormones that includes thymosin & thymopoietin
-large at birth & increases in size until puberty
, Adrenal gland - Answer -paired endocrine glands located superior to the kidneys
-each consists of an outer cortex & and inner medulla
-cortex secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids & androgens
-medulla secretes catecholamines
Pancreas (gland) - Answer -gland located behind the stomach, between the spleen &
duodenum
-produces both endo/exocrine secretions
-endocrine (the hormones insulin & glucagon)
-exocrine (digestive juices ducted to the small intestine)
Ovaries (gland) - Answer -paired endocrine glands located in the female pelvic cavity
-produce the female gametes
-secrete the steroids estrogen & progesterone
-secrete the peptide known as inhibin
Testes (gland) - Answer -paired endocrine glands located in the male scrotum outside the
abdominopelvic cavity
-produce the male gametes
-secrete the steroid testosterone
-secrete the peptide known as inhibin
Amine hormone - Answer derivatives of single amino acids, either tyrosine or tryptophan
Melatonin - Answer a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that coordinates body activities
with light-dark cycles
Hormones secreted by the "anterior pituitary gland" - Answer -LH (luteinizing hormone)
-FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
-GH (growth hormone)
-TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
-ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
-PRL (prolactin)
Hormones secreted by the "posterior pituitary gland" - Answer -oxytocin
-ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
