Chapter 16: Endocrine System Test
Questions and All Actual Answers 2026-
2027 Updated.
hormone - Answer a chemical messenger secreted by one endocrine gland or cell into the
bloodstream and targeted toward cells in another organ
endocrine system - Answer collective term for all such hormone-secreting glands as well as the
hormone-secreting cells located elsewhere
endocrine and nervous systems - Answer two systems that work together to maintain
homeostasis
stimulus, sensor, endocrine gland, hormone, target organ, target organ receptor, response -
Answer Components of a hormone pathway
endocrine gland - Answer triggered by the sensor
outer surface of target cell - Answer hormone binding site
Stimulation of Endocrine Glands - Answer humoral stimulus, neural stimulus, hormonal
stimulus
humoral stimulus - Answer hormone releases caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or
nutrients.
Stimulus: low concentration of calcium in capillary blood
Response: parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone with increases blood calcium.
neural stimulus - Answer hormone release caused by neural input
Stimulus: action potentials in pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers to adrenal gland.
Response: adrenal medulla cells secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
hormonal stimulus - Answer hormone release caused by another hormone (a tropic hormone)
Stimulus: hormones from hypothalamus
Responses: anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to
secrete hormones.
, Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal
glands, pancreas, gonads (ovary, testis) - Answer major endocrine glands (9)
hypothalamus - Answer part of the diencephalon, regulates the bodys primitive functions
pituitary gland - Answer protected by the sella turcica, attatched to the hypothalamus by the
infundibulum
(composed of 2 structures--anterior and posterior)
adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) - Answer makes and secretes six hormones:
-follicle- stimulating hormone
-luteinizing hormone
-Thyroid-stimulating hormone
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone
-Prolactin
-Growth Hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) - Answer stimulates the
thyroid to produce and secrete its
hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone - Answer stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones,
as well as fat catabolism in adipose tissue and insulin secretion by the pancreas (indirectly)
Prolactin - Answer acts on the female mammary gland to promote milk synthesis. In males, it
indirectly enhances the secretion of testosterone
Growth hormone - Answer stimulates cellular growth, mitosis, and differentiation, promoting
overall tissue and organ growth
Follicle-stimulating hormone - Answer stimulates follicle and egg development in the ovaries,
and sperm production in the testes
Luteinizing hormone - Answer stimulates female ovulation and growth of the corpus luteum.
In males, known as ICSH—stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone
Posterior lobe of pituitary hormones - Answer -Anridiuretic hormone
-Oxytocin
Questions and All Actual Answers 2026-
2027 Updated.
hormone - Answer a chemical messenger secreted by one endocrine gland or cell into the
bloodstream and targeted toward cells in another organ
endocrine system - Answer collective term for all such hormone-secreting glands as well as the
hormone-secreting cells located elsewhere
endocrine and nervous systems - Answer two systems that work together to maintain
homeostasis
stimulus, sensor, endocrine gland, hormone, target organ, target organ receptor, response -
Answer Components of a hormone pathway
endocrine gland - Answer triggered by the sensor
outer surface of target cell - Answer hormone binding site
Stimulation of Endocrine Glands - Answer humoral stimulus, neural stimulus, hormonal
stimulus
humoral stimulus - Answer hormone releases caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or
nutrients.
Stimulus: low concentration of calcium in capillary blood
Response: parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone with increases blood calcium.
neural stimulus - Answer hormone release caused by neural input
Stimulus: action potentials in pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers to adrenal gland.
Response: adrenal medulla cells secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
hormonal stimulus - Answer hormone release caused by another hormone (a tropic hormone)
Stimulus: hormones from hypothalamus
Responses: anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to
secrete hormones.
, Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal
glands, pancreas, gonads (ovary, testis) - Answer major endocrine glands (9)
hypothalamus - Answer part of the diencephalon, regulates the bodys primitive functions
pituitary gland - Answer protected by the sella turcica, attatched to the hypothalamus by the
infundibulum
(composed of 2 structures--anterior and posterior)
adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) - Answer makes and secretes six hormones:
-follicle- stimulating hormone
-luteinizing hormone
-Thyroid-stimulating hormone
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone
-Prolactin
-Growth Hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) - Answer stimulates the
thyroid to produce and secrete its
hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone - Answer stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones,
as well as fat catabolism in adipose tissue and insulin secretion by the pancreas (indirectly)
Prolactin - Answer acts on the female mammary gland to promote milk synthesis. In males, it
indirectly enhances the secretion of testosterone
Growth hormone - Answer stimulates cellular growth, mitosis, and differentiation, promoting
overall tissue and organ growth
Follicle-stimulating hormone - Answer stimulates follicle and egg development in the ovaries,
and sperm production in the testes
Luteinizing hormone - Answer stimulates female ovulation and growth of the corpus luteum.
In males, known as ICSH—stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone
Posterior lobe of pituitary hormones - Answer -Anridiuretic hormone
-Oxytocin
