NUSC 1165 EXAM 3 ACTUAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Protein-rich foods also provide important nutrients.
Answer: ■Animal Sources
-B Vitamins
-Minerals - Iron, zinc, calcium
■Plant Sources
-B Vitamins
-Minerals - Iron, zinc, calcium
-Fiber
-Phytochemicals
-Unsaturated Fats
◉ Dietary sources of protein.
Answer: corn oil, olive oil, sunflower seeds, peanut butter, tofu,
kidney beans, eggs, salmon, beef, chicken breast, 1% milk, cheddar
cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, orange, kiwi, banana, avocado,
broccoli, corn, potato, oatmeal, spaghetti, whole-wheat bread
◉ Amino acid structure.
,Answer: ■Amino Acids: Building blocks of proteins.
■Central carbon atom
-Hydrogen atom
-Amino Group
-Acid Group
-Side Chain
◉ Essential amino acids.
Answer: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,
phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine
◉ Nonessential amino acids.
Answer: alanine, arginine*, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine*,
glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine*, proline*, serine, tyrosine*
*considered conditionally essential
◉ Transamination.
Answer: ■Transfer of amino group to a carbon compound to
generate a new amino acid.
alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate <--> pyruvate + glutamate
,alanine --> pyruvate (NH2 lost from alanine)
alpha-ketoglutarate --> glutamate
◉ Conditionally essential amino acids.
Answer: ■Amino acids that are essential in the diet under specific
conditions or at specific times of life.
■Examples:
-Phenylalanine --> Tyrosine
-Methionine --> Cysteine
◉ Protein Structure.
Answer: ■Peptide bonds hold amino acids together.
■Multiple amino acids joined together by a peptide bond form
polypeptide chains.
◉ The shape of the protein determines its function.
Answer: ■Collagen & alpha-keratin
-Provides strength to fingernails and ligaments.
■Hemoglobin (Red Blood Cells)
-Spherical shape
, -Alteration in Amino Acids --> Hemoglobin loses its shape
■Sickle-Cell Anemia
■Denaturation
-Alteration of a protein's 3-D Structure
-Due to change in temperature or heat
◉ Protein Digestion.
Answer: - Mouth: Mechanical processing of protein due to chewing.
- Stomach:
Pepsinogen --> Pepsin (Activated by hydrocholoric acid)
- Pancreas: Produces enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and
carboxypeptidase)
Small Intestine:
Transport proteins move the protein digestion products into the
intestinal mucosa.
a). Amino acids that share the same transport protein compete with
each other for absorption
b). Dipeptides and tripeptides enter the mucosal cell and then
broken down into amino acids.
- Amino acids pass from the mucosal cell and travel to the liver via
the hepatic portal vein.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Protein-rich foods also provide important nutrients.
Answer: ■Animal Sources
-B Vitamins
-Minerals - Iron, zinc, calcium
■Plant Sources
-B Vitamins
-Minerals - Iron, zinc, calcium
-Fiber
-Phytochemicals
-Unsaturated Fats
◉ Dietary sources of protein.
Answer: corn oil, olive oil, sunflower seeds, peanut butter, tofu,
kidney beans, eggs, salmon, beef, chicken breast, 1% milk, cheddar
cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, orange, kiwi, banana, avocado,
broccoli, corn, potato, oatmeal, spaghetti, whole-wheat bread
◉ Amino acid structure.
,Answer: ■Amino Acids: Building blocks of proteins.
■Central carbon atom
-Hydrogen atom
-Amino Group
-Acid Group
-Side Chain
◉ Essential amino acids.
Answer: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,
phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine
◉ Nonessential amino acids.
Answer: alanine, arginine*, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine*,
glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine*, proline*, serine, tyrosine*
*considered conditionally essential
◉ Transamination.
Answer: ■Transfer of amino group to a carbon compound to
generate a new amino acid.
alanine + alpha-ketoglutarate <--> pyruvate + glutamate
,alanine --> pyruvate (NH2 lost from alanine)
alpha-ketoglutarate --> glutamate
◉ Conditionally essential amino acids.
Answer: ■Amino acids that are essential in the diet under specific
conditions or at specific times of life.
■Examples:
-Phenylalanine --> Tyrosine
-Methionine --> Cysteine
◉ Protein Structure.
Answer: ■Peptide bonds hold amino acids together.
■Multiple amino acids joined together by a peptide bond form
polypeptide chains.
◉ The shape of the protein determines its function.
Answer: ■Collagen & alpha-keratin
-Provides strength to fingernails and ligaments.
■Hemoglobin (Red Blood Cells)
-Spherical shape
, -Alteration in Amino Acids --> Hemoglobin loses its shape
■Sickle-Cell Anemia
■Denaturation
-Alteration of a protein's 3-D Structure
-Due to change in temperature or heat
◉ Protein Digestion.
Answer: - Mouth: Mechanical processing of protein due to chewing.
- Stomach:
Pepsinogen --> Pepsin (Activated by hydrocholoric acid)
- Pancreas: Produces enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and
carboxypeptidase)
Small Intestine:
Transport proteins move the protein digestion products into the
intestinal mucosa.
a). Amino acids that share the same transport protein compete with
each other for absorption
b). Dipeptides and tripeptides enter the mucosal cell and then
broken down into amino acids.
- Amino acids pass from the mucosal cell and travel to the liver via
the hepatic portal vein.
