PN 2 Final Exam Review
1- Osteoporosis risk factors: Postmenopausal women, family Hx, early menopause, low
intake of calcium, excessive ETOH/caffeine, corticosteroids/anticonvulsant medication use,
sedentary lifestyle, smoking
2- Be able to identify Bursitis, Lyme disease, Osteoarthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis:
a)Bursitis: inflammation of the bursa. Tx: rest, ice, NSAIDs, PT
b)Lyme: caused by deer ticks, must be attached 24-48h. Swelling in knees & large joints.
Tx: Abx
c)Osteoarthritis: wear & tear, etiology unknow. Risk factors are age, obesity, genetics. Tx:
NSAIDs, ice
d)Rheumatoid Arthritis: mostly affected young adults, autoimmune. Tx: NSAIDs, anti-
inflammatory drugs
3-Fecal diversion candidate: Creation of an ileostomy or colostomy. Candidate would be a
patient with Severe UC: more than 6-10 bloody stools per day, extensive colon
involvement, anemia, hypovolemia, malnutrition, fatigue, weakness
4-Causes for respiratory alkalosis: rapid breathing, anxiety. Respiratory rate decreases to
retain the CO2 (retain acid)
5-Normal levels of Potassium, Calcium, Bicarbonate and Sodium:
a)Potassium: 3.5 – 5.5mEq/L
b)Calcium: 8.5 – 10.5mg/dL
c)Bicarbonate: 22 – 36
d)Sodium: 135 – 145mEq/L
6)Be able to identify Acid, Base and Buffer:
a)Acidosis: loss of base of accumulation of acid. pH < 7.35
b)Base (Alkalosis): loss of acid of accumulation of base. pH > 7.45
c)Buffer: ·helps control the pH
·converts a strong base into a weak one
·converts a strong acid into a weak one
7-Pre-op nursing focus: ·Explain procedure, consent, tubes and IVs
·Return demonstration, supervise practice, reinforce behavior
·Medications, assess for allergies, NPO
, 8-Chronic respiratory disease client post-op complications: Atelectasis & Hypostatic
Pneumonia
·Auscultate the lungs
·assess rate and depth of breathing
·encourage deep breathing & coughing q2h unless contraindicated
·if Pt cannot cough effectively, instruct to “huff” cough
9-Be able to identify Crohn’s and where it occurs in the body: ·Lesions affecting entire
thickness of bowel
·Anorexia, Malnutrition, Steatorrhea, Amino acid malabsorption
*10-Keys to effective listening: Active listening
11-Chronic complications of diabetes: : ·Infections
·Diabetic, Peripheral & Autonomic neuropathy
·Diabetic nephropathy
·Diabetic retinopathy
·Vascular changes
·Cardiovascular
·Peripheral vascular disease
12-Physiological changes for the elderly: ·reduced tolerance for meds
·diminished muscle and fatty issues for IM injections
·encourage increase intake of fluids and fiber
·administer and ordered stool softener
·monitor for bloating, discomfort and lack of daily BM
·all systems start to have reduced functioning
13-Osteoporosis fractures: Vertebral fractures: severe injuries to the spinal cord that
result in impairment of spinal cord function below the level of the injury
*14-Elderly post-op complications: Post-op delirium ???
·Skin breakdown, joint strains
15-Define chronic pain: ongoing pain, lasting more than 6 months
*16-Diabetes post op complications: Hyperglycemia & Hypoglycemia
17-HIV transmission: contact, unprotected sex, shared needle on drug users
*18-Care for distended bladder: encourage fluids, catheter ????
1- Osteoporosis risk factors: Postmenopausal women, family Hx, early menopause, low
intake of calcium, excessive ETOH/caffeine, corticosteroids/anticonvulsant medication use,
sedentary lifestyle, smoking
2- Be able to identify Bursitis, Lyme disease, Osteoarthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis:
a)Bursitis: inflammation of the bursa. Tx: rest, ice, NSAIDs, PT
b)Lyme: caused by deer ticks, must be attached 24-48h. Swelling in knees & large joints.
Tx: Abx
c)Osteoarthritis: wear & tear, etiology unknow. Risk factors are age, obesity, genetics. Tx:
NSAIDs, ice
d)Rheumatoid Arthritis: mostly affected young adults, autoimmune. Tx: NSAIDs, anti-
inflammatory drugs
3-Fecal diversion candidate: Creation of an ileostomy or colostomy. Candidate would be a
patient with Severe UC: more than 6-10 bloody stools per day, extensive colon
involvement, anemia, hypovolemia, malnutrition, fatigue, weakness
4-Causes for respiratory alkalosis: rapid breathing, anxiety. Respiratory rate decreases to
retain the CO2 (retain acid)
5-Normal levels of Potassium, Calcium, Bicarbonate and Sodium:
a)Potassium: 3.5 – 5.5mEq/L
b)Calcium: 8.5 – 10.5mg/dL
c)Bicarbonate: 22 – 36
d)Sodium: 135 – 145mEq/L
6)Be able to identify Acid, Base and Buffer:
a)Acidosis: loss of base of accumulation of acid. pH < 7.35
b)Base (Alkalosis): loss of acid of accumulation of base. pH > 7.45
c)Buffer: ·helps control the pH
·converts a strong base into a weak one
·converts a strong acid into a weak one
7-Pre-op nursing focus: ·Explain procedure, consent, tubes and IVs
·Return demonstration, supervise practice, reinforce behavior
·Medications, assess for allergies, NPO
, 8-Chronic respiratory disease client post-op complications: Atelectasis & Hypostatic
Pneumonia
·Auscultate the lungs
·assess rate and depth of breathing
·encourage deep breathing & coughing q2h unless contraindicated
·if Pt cannot cough effectively, instruct to “huff” cough
9-Be able to identify Crohn’s and where it occurs in the body: ·Lesions affecting entire
thickness of bowel
·Anorexia, Malnutrition, Steatorrhea, Amino acid malabsorption
*10-Keys to effective listening: Active listening
11-Chronic complications of diabetes: : ·Infections
·Diabetic, Peripheral & Autonomic neuropathy
·Diabetic nephropathy
·Diabetic retinopathy
·Vascular changes
·Cardiovascular
·Peripheral vascular disease
12-Physiological changes for the elderly: ·reduced tolerance for meds
·diminished muscle and fatty issues for IM injections
·encourage increase intake of fluids and fiber
·administer and ordered stool softener
·monitor for bloating, discomfort and lack of daily BM
·all systems start to have reduced functioning
13-Osteoporosis fractures: Vertebral fractures: severe injuries to the spinal cord that
result in impairment of spinal cord function below the level of the injury
*14-Elderly post-op complications: Post-op delirium ???
·Skin breakdown, joint strains
15-Define chronic pain: ongoing pain, lasting more than 6 months
*16-Diabetes post op complications: Hyperglycemia & Hypoglycemia
17-HIV transmission: contact, unprotected sex, shared needle on drug users
*18-Care for distended bladder: encourage fluids, catheter ????
