Page 1 of 134
BIOL 2313 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS JUST RELEASED
BIOL 2313 EXAM 3: COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DOMAIN 1: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
DOMAIN 2: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
DOMAIN 3: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
DOMAIN 4: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
DOMAIN 5: The Respiratory System
DOMAIN 6: The Digestive System
DOMAIN 7: Metabolism and Nutrition
DOMAIN 8: The Urinary System
DOMAIN 9: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
DOMAIN 10: The Reproductive System
DOMAIN 1: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD
Topics Covered:
• Composition and functions of blood
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• Plasma proteins and formed elements
• Hemopoiesis and erythropoiesis regulation
• Hemoglobin structure and oxygen transport
• White blood cell types and functions
• Hemostasis and blood clotting
• Blood groups and transfusions
1. Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein and serves as the primary
contributor to blood osmotic pressure?
A) Globulin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Albumin
D) Transferrin
Answer: C
Rationale: Albumin constitutes approximately 54% of plasma proteins and is primarily
responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure, which pulls water back into capillaries .
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2. A hematopoietic stem cell has the potential to give rise to which of the following cell types?
A) Only erythrocytes
B) Only leukocytes
C) Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
D) Only lymphocytes and monocytes
Answer: C
Rationale: Hematopoietic stem cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into all formed
elements of blood, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets .
3. Which of the following cells is classified as a granulocyte and contains histamine in its granules?
A) Lymphocyte
B) Monocyte
C) Basophil
D) Erythrocyte
Answer: C
Rationale: Basophils are the least numerous circulating white blood cells and contain histamine,
which is released during allergic reactions and inflammation .
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4. A patient with pernicious anemia has an inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic
factor. What direct consequence does this have on blood composition?
A) Increased platelet count
B) Decreased red blood cell count
C) Increased white blood cell count
D) Decreased plasma protein levels
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and nuclear maturation during
erythropoiesis. Its deficiency leads to decreased production of functional red blood cells .
5. Why are red blood cells particularly efficient at oxygen transport?
A) They contain multiple nuclei
B) They are biconcave discs with large surface area
C) They possess abundant mitochondria
D) They can synthesize hemoglobin continuously
Answer: B
Rationale: The biconcave shape of red blood cells provides a large surface area for oxygen
diffusion and allows flexibility for passage through narrow capillaries .
BIOL 2313 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS JUST RELEASED
BIOL 2313 EXAM 3: COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DOMAIN 1: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
DOMAIN 2: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
DOMAIN 3: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
DOMAIN 4: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
DOMAIN 5: The Respiratory System
DOMAIN 6: The Digestive System
DOMAIN 7: Metabolism and Nutrition
DOMAIN 8: The Urinary System
DOMAIN 9: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
DOMAIN 10: The Reproductive System
DOMAIN 1: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD
Topics Covered:
• Composition and functions of blood
, Page 2 of 134
• Plasma proteins and formed elements
• Hemopoiesis and erythropoiesis regulation
• Hemoglobin structure and oxygen transport
• White blood cell types and functions
• Hemostasis and blood clotting
• Blood groups and transfusions
1. Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein and serves as the primary
contributor to blood osmotic pressure?
A) Globulin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Albumin
D) Transferrin
Answer: C
Rationale: Albumin constitutes approximately 54% of plasma proteins and is primarily
responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure, which pulls water back into capillaries .
, Page 3 of 134
2. A hematopoietic stem cell has the potential to give rise to which of the following cell types?
A) Only erythrocytes
B) Only leukocytes
C) Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
D) Only lymphocytes and monocytes
Answer: C
Rationale: Hematopoietic stem cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into all formed
elements of blood, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets .
3. Which of the following cells is classified as a granulocyte and contains histamine in its granules?
A) Lymphocyte
B) Monocyte
C) Basophil
D) Erythrocyte
Answer: C
Rationale: Basophils are the least numerous circulating white blood cells and contain histamine,
which is released during allergic reactions and inflammation .
, Page 4 of 134
4. A patient with pernicious anemia has an inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic
factor. What direct consequence does this have on blood composition?
A) Increased platelet count
B) Decreased red blood cell count
C) Increased white blood cell count
D) Decreased plasma protein levels
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and nuclear maturation during
erythropoiesis. Its deficiency leads to decreased production of functional red blood cells .
5. Why are red blood cells particularly efficient at oxygen transport?
A) They contain multiple nuclei
B) They are biconcave discs with large surface area
C) They possess abundant mitochondria
D) They can synthesize hemoglobin continuously
Answer: B
Rationale: The biconcave shape of red blood cells provides a large surface area for oxygen
diffusion and allows flexibility for passage through narrow capillaries .
