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ATLS
Test
Questions
Test
Questions
2026/03/15 Questions
& Correct
& Correct
&Answers
Correct
Answers
Answers
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025–2026
| Advanced Trauma Life Support Updated Exam |
Verified Real Questions and Answers PDF Study
Guide
Get the ATLS 2025–2026 Test Questions and Answers — the most
accurate and updated resource for Advanced Trauma Life
Support exam preparation. This verified study guide includes real
exam-style questions, trauma case scenarios, step-by-step
explanations, and correct answers aligned with the 10th Edition ATLS
standards. Perfect for medical students, EMTs, nurses, and trauma
care professionals preparing for certification success.
1. Anatomy of hypopharynx -ANSWER: FAUCES
- Aperture by which mouth communicates with pharynx
Boundaries:
Superior = soft palate
Inferior = dorsum of tongue
Lateral = glossopalatine arches
PILLARS
Anterior pillar = glossopalatine arch
Posterior pillar = pharyngopalatine arch
PALATINE TONSILS
Masses between glossopalatine & pharyngopalatine arches
2. Airway maintenance techniques -ANSWER: 1) Chin-lift
2) Jaw thrust
3) Oropharyngeal airway
- Do not use 180° rotation method for insertion in children as it can damage mouth
& pharynx
4) Nasopharyngeal airway
5) Extraglottic & supraglottic devices
1
~~&@ @!&* ^##!&#!** * DO N OT EX PLORE W OU NDS EXTEN DING TH ROUGH PLATYSMA ***
SECONDA RY SURVEY - PHYSICA L EXAMI NATION - CHEST CORRE CT ANSWE RS: - VISUAL EVALUATION
- PALPATI ON I NCLUDI NG CLAVICLES / RIBS / STE RNUM
AUSCULTATI ON
* HIGH ANTE RIOR ?PNE UMOTH ORA X
* POSTERI OR BASES ?HAEMOTH ORAX
--- CARD IAC TAMP ONADE:
DISTANT HEART SOUNDS & DE CREASED PULSE PRESSU RE
--- DISTENDED NECK VEINS:
TENSION PNEUM OTH ORAX / CARDIA C TAMPONADE
LARYN GEAL TRA UMA CORRE CT ANSWE RS: LA RYNGEA L FRACT URE IS RA RE
-CAN P RESENT WITH ACU TE AIRWAY OBST RUCT ION
ATLS
TLSATLS
Test
ATLS Test
Test Questions
Questions
Test
Questions & Correct
Questions
& Correct
& Correct Answers
&Answers
Correct 2025.docxATLS
Answers
Answers Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,TLSATLS
Test
ATLS
Test
Questions
Test
Questions
2026/03/15 Questions
& Correct
& Correct
&Answers
Correct
Answers
Answers
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
i) LMA / Intubating LMA
ii) Laryngeal tube airway
iii) Multilumen oesophageal airway
3. Definitive airway -ANSWER: Tube placed in trachea with cuff inflated below
the vocal cords
3 types:
i) Orotracheal tubes
ii) Nasotracheal tubes
iii) Surgical airway
4. Indications for definitive airway -ANSWER: NEED FOR AIRWAY
PROTECTION
1) Severe maxillofacial fractures
2) Risk of obstruction
- Neck haematoma
- Laryngeal / tracheal injury
- Stridor
3) Risk for aspiration
- Bleeding
- Vomitng
4) Unconscious
NEED FOR VENTILATION
1) Inadequate respiratory effort
- Tachypnoea
- Hypoxia
- Hypercarbia
- Cyanosis
2) Massive blood loss & need for volume resusicitation
3) Severe closed head injury + need for hyperventilation if neurological
deterioration occurs
4) Apnoea
- NM paralysis
- Unconscious
5. Contraindications to nasotracheal intubation -ANSWER: Fractures - facial /
frontal sinus / basilar skull / cribiform plate
Signs:
i) Nasal fracture
ii) Raccoon eyes (bilateral periorbital ecchymosis)
2
~~&@ @!&* ^##!&#!** * DO N OT EX PLORE W OU NDS EXTEN DING TH ROUGH PLATYSMA ***
SECONDA RY SURVEY - PHYSICA L EXAMI NATION - CHEST CORRE CT ANSWE RS: - VISUAL EVALUATION
- PALPATI ON I NCLUDI NG CLAVICLES / RIBS / STE RNUM
AUSCULTATI ON
* HIGH ANTE RIOR ?PNE UMOTH ORA X
* POSTERI OR BASES ?HAEMOTH ORAX
--- CARD IAC TAMP ONADE:
DISTANT HEART SOUNDS & DE CREASED PULSE PRESSU RE
--- DISTENDED NECK VEINS:
TENSION PNEUM OTH ORAX / CARDIA C TAMPONADE
LARYN GEAL TRA UMA CORRE CT ANSWE RS: LA RYNGEA L FRACT URE IS RA RE
-CAN P RESENT WITH ACU TE AIRWAY OBST RUCT ION
ATLS
TLSATLS
Test
ATLS Test
Test Questions
Questions
Test
Questions & Correct
Questions
& Correct
& Correct Answers
&Answers
Correct 2025.docxATLS
Answers
Answers Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,TLSATLS
Test
ATLS
Test
Questions
Test
Questions
2026/03/15 Questions
& Correct
& Correct
&Answers
Correct
Answers
Answers
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
iii) Battle's sign (post-auricular ecchymosis)
iv) Rhinorrhoea / otorrhoea (CSF leakage)
Suxamethonium / succinylcholine - caution -ANSWER: Depolarising NM blocker
CAUTION
i) Hyperkalaemia
- Caution with severe crush injuries / burns / electrical injuries
ii) Malignant hyperthermia → uncontrolled skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism
Surgical airway -ANSWER: Surgical airway required when airway obstructed by:
- Oedema of glottis
- Laryngeal fracture
- Oropharyngeal haemorrhage
Surgical cricothyroidotomy preferred to tracheostomy:
i) Easier to perform
ii) Less bleeding
iii) Requires less time to perform
Needle cricothyroidotomy -ANSWER: a) Plastic cannula through cricothyroid
membrane
b) Connected to 15L O2
c) Jet insufflation - 1sec ON / 4 sec OFF
** Inadequate exhalation ∴ CO2 accumulates
** Can be used for 30-45 mins
Assessing adequate oxygenation -ANSWER: PULSE OXIMETRY
- Measures O2 sats of arterial blood
- Does not measure PaO2
** Sats ≥95% suggests adequate peripheral arterial oxygentaion (PaO2 >70mmHg
or 9.3kPa)
NOTE:
i) Requires intact peripheral perfusion
ii) Cannot distinguish oxyhaemoglobin from carboxyhaemoglobin /
metheamoglobin
LIMITED USEFULNESS IN:
a) Vasoconstriction
b) CO poisoning
c) Profound anaemia (Hb <5g/dL)
d) Hypothermia (<30°)
3
~~&@ @!&* ^##!&#!** * DO N OT EX PLORE W OU NDS EXTEN DING TH ROUGH PLATYSMA ***
SECONDA RY SURVEY - PHYSICA L EXAMI NATION - CHEST CORRE CT ANSWE RS: - VISUAL EVALUATION
- PALPATI ON I NCLUDI NG CLAVICLES / RIBS / STE RNUM
AUSCULTATI ON
* HIGH ANTE RIOR ?PNE UMOTH ORA X
* POSTERI OR BASES ?HAEMOTH ORAX
--- CARD IAC TAMP ONADE:
DISTANT HEART SOUNDS & DE CREASED PULSE PRESSU RE
--- DISTENDED NECK VEINS:
TENSION PNEUM OTH ORAX / CARDIA C TAMPONADE
LARYN GEAL TRA UMA CORRE CT ANSWE RS: LA RYNGEA L FRACT URE IS RA RE
-CAN P RESENT WITH ACU TE AIRWAY OBST RUCT ION
ATLS
TLSATLS
Test
ATLS Test
Test Questions
Questions
Test
Questions & Correct
Questions
& Correct
& Correct Answers
&Answers
Correct 2025.docxATLS
Answers
Answers Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,TLSATLS
Test
ATLS
Test
Questions
Test
Questions
2026/03/15 Questions
& Correct
& Correct
&Answers
Correct
Answers
Answers
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
When is pulse oximetry unreliable? -ANSWER: i) Poor peripheral perfusion
ii) Severe anaemia
iii) High levels of carboxyhaemoglobin or methaemoglobin
iv) High levels of circulating dye (e.g. indocyanine green / methylene blue)
v) Excessive pt movement
vi) Intense ambient light
Oxygen dissociation curve -ANSWER: * Describes relationship between pO2 (x)
& O2 sats (y)
* Hb binds 4 O2 molecules reversibly
* Binding of first molecule is difficult but facilitates binding of subsequent
molecules
FACTORS AFFECTING CURVE
RIGHT SHIFT = Hb has decreased affinity for oxygen
- Difficult for Hb to bind O2 / easier to release
- Increases pO2 in tissues (e.g. during exercise / shock)
LEFT SHIFT = Hb has increased affinity for O2
- Binds O2 more easily / releases it less easily
Factors affecting oxygen dissociation curve -ANSWER: MNEMONIC for causes
of right shift:
'CADET, face right'
C = CO2
A = Acid
D = 2,3-DPG
E = Exercise
T = Temperature
(Increases in these causes right shift)
Complications of needle cricothyroidotomy -ANSWER: i) Inadequate ventilation
→ hypoxia / death
ii) Aspiration (blood)
iii) Oesophageal laceration
iv) Perforation of posterior tracheal wall
v) Haematoma
vi) Subcutaneous / mediastinal emphysema
vii) Thyroid perforation
viii) Pneumothorax
Complications of surgical cricothyroidotomy -ANSWER: i) Aspiration (blood)
4
~~&@ @!&* ^##!&#!** * DO N OT EX PLORE W OU NDS EXTEN DING TH ROUGH PLATYSMA ***
SECONDA RY SURVEY - PHYSICA L EXAMI NATION - CHEST CORRE CT ANSWE RS: - VISUAL EVALUATION
- PALPATI ON I NCLUDI NG CLAVICLES / RIBS / STE RNUM
AUSCULTATI ON
* HIGH ANTE RIOR ?PNE UMOTH ORA X
* POSTERI OR BASES ?HAEMOTH ORAX
--- CARD IAC TAMP ONADE:
DISTANT HEART SOUNDS & DE CREASED PULSE PRESSU RE
--- DISTENDED NECK VEINS:
TENSION PNEUM OTH ORAX / CARDIA C TAMPONADE
LARYN GEAL TRA UMA CORRE CT ANSWE RS: LA RYNGEA L FRACT URE IS RA RE
-CAN P RESENT WITH ACU TE AIRWAY OBST RUCT ION
ATLS
TLSATLS
Test
ATLS Test
Test Questions
Questions
Test
Questions & Correct
Questions
& Correct
& Correct Answers
&Answers
Correct 2025.docxATLS
Answers
Answers Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Test
ATLS
Test
Questions
Test
Questions
2026/03/15 Questions
& Correct
& Correct
&Answers
Correct
Answers
Answers
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025–2026
| Advanced Trauma Life Support Updated Exam |
Verified Real Questions and Answers PDF Study
Guide
Get the ATLS 2025–2026 Test Questions and Answers — the most
accurate and updated resource for Advanced Trauma Life
Support exam preparation. This verified study guide includes real
exam-style questions, trauma case scenarios, step-by-step
explanations, and correct answers aligned with the 10th Edition ATLS
standards. Perfect for medical students, EMTs, nurses, and trauma
care professionals preparing for certification success.
1. Anatomy of hypopharynx -ANSWER: FAUCES
- Aperture by which mouth communicates with pharynx
Boundaries:
Superior = soft palate
Inferior = dorsum of tongue
Lateral = glossopalatine arches
PILLARS
Anterior pillar = glossopalatine arch
Posterior pillar = pharyngopalatine arch
PALATINE TONSILS
Masses between glossopalatine & pharyngopalatine arches
2. Airway maintenance techniques -ANSWER: 1) Chin-lift
2) Jaw thrust
3) Oropharyngeal airway
- Do not use 180° rotation method for insertion in children as it can damage mouth
& pharynx
4) Nasopharyngeal airway
5) Extraglottic & supraglottic devices
1
~~&@ @!&* ^##!&#!** * DO N OT EX PLORE W OU NDS EXTEN DING TH ROUGH PLATYSMA ***
SECONDA RY SURVEY - PHYSICA L EXAMI NATION - CHEST CORRE CT ANSWE RS: - VISUAL EVALUATION
- PALPATI ON I NCLUDI NG CLAVICLES / RIBS / STE RNUM
AUSCULTATI ON
* HIGH ANTE RIOR ?PNE UMOTH ORA X
* POSTERI OR BASES ?HAEMOTH ORAX
--- CARD IAC TAMP ONADE:
DISTANT HEART SOUNDS & DE CREASED PULSE PRESSU RE
--- DISTENDED NECK VEINS:
TENSION PNEUM OTH ORAX / CARDIA C TAMPONADE
LARYN GEAL TRA UMA CORRE CT ANSWE RS: LA RYNGEA L FRACT URE IS RA RE
-CAN P RESENT WITH ACU TE AIRWAY OBST RUCT ION
ATLS
TLSATLS
Test
ATLS Test
Test Questions
Questions
Test
Questions & Correct
Questions
& Correct
& Correct Answers
&Answers
Correct 2025.docxATLS
Answers
Answers Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,TLSATLS
Test
ATLS
Test
Questions
Test
Questions
2026/03/15 Questions
& Correct
& Correct
&Answers
Correct
Answers
Answers
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
i) LMA / Intubating LMA
ii) Laryngeal tube airway
iii) Multilumen oesophageal airway
3. Definitive airway -ANSWER: Tube placed in trachea with cuff inflated below
the vocal cords
3 types:
i) Orotracheal tubes
ii) Nasotracheal tubes
iii) Surgical airway
4. Indications for definitive airway -ANSWER: NEED FOR AIRWAY
PROTECTION
1) Severe maxillofacial fractures
2) Risk of obstruction
- Neck haematoma
- Laryngeal / tracheal injury
- Stridor
3) Risk for aspiration
- Bleeding
- Vomitng
4) Unconscious
NEED FOR VENTILATION
1) Inadequate respiratory effort
- Tachypnoea
- Hypoxia
- Hypercarbia
- Cyanosis
2) Massive blood loss & need for volume resusicitation
3) Severe closed head injury + need for hyperventilation if neurological
deterioration occurs
4) Apnoea
- NM paralysis
- Unconscious
5. Contraindications to nasotracheal intubation -ANSWER: Fractures - facial /
frontal sinus / basilar skull / cribiform plate
Signs:
i) Nasal fracture
ii) Raccoon eyes (bilateral periorbital ecchymosis)
2
~~&@ @!&* ^##!&#!** * DO N OT EX PLORE W OU NDS EXTEN DING TH ROUGH PLATYSMA ***
SECONDA RY SURVEY - PHYSICA L EXAMI NATION - CHEST CORRE CT ANSWE RS: - VISUAL EVALUATION
- PALPATI ON I NCLUDI NG CLAVICLES / RIBS / STE RNUM
AUSCULTATI ON
* HIGH ANTE RIOR ?PNE UMOTH ORA X
* POSTERI OR BASES ?HAEMOTH ORAX
--- CARD IAC TAMP ONADE:
DISTANT HEART SOUNDS & DE CREASED PULSE PRESSU RE
--- DISTENDED NECK VEINS:
TENSION PNEUM OTH ORAX / CARDIA C TAMPONADE
LARYN GEAL TRA UMA CORRE CT ANSWE RS: LA RYNGEA L FRACT URE IS RA RE
-CAN P RESENT WITH ACU TE AIRWAY OBST RUCT ION
ATLS
TLSATLS
Test
ATLS Test
Test Questions
Questions
Test
Questions & Correct
Questions
& Correct
& Correct Answers
&Answers
Correct 2025.docxATLS
Answers
Answers Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,TLSATLS
Test
ATLS
Test
Questions
Test
Questions
2026/03/15 Questions
& Correct
& Correct
&Answers
Correct
Answers
Answers
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
iii) Battle's sign (post-auricular ecchymosis)
iv) Rhinorrhoea / otorrhoea (CSF leakage)
Suxamethonium / succinylcholine - caution -ANSWER: Depolarising NM blocker
CAUTION
i) Hyperkalaemia
- Caution with severe crush injuries / burns / electrical injuries
ii) Malignant hyperthermia → uncontrolled skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism
Surgical airway -ANSWER: Surgical airway required when airway obstructed by:
- Oedema of glottis
- Laryngeal fracture
- Oropharyngeal haemorrhage
Surgical cricothyroidotomy preferred to tracheostomy:
i) Easier to perform
ii) Less bleeding
iii) Requires less time to perform
Needle cricothyroidotomy -ANSWER: a) Plastic cannula through cricothyroid
membrane
b) Connected to 15L O2
c) Jet insufflation - 1sec ON / 4 sec OFF
** Inadequate exhalation ∴ CO2 accumulates
** Can be used for 30-45 mins
Assessing adequate oxygenation -ANSWER: PULSE OXIMETRY
- Measures O2 sats of arterial blood
- Does not measure PaO2
** Sats ≥95% suggests adequate peripheral arterial oxygentaion (PaO2 >70mmHg
or 9.3kPa)
NOTE:
i) Requires intact peripheral perfusion
ii) Cannot distinguish oxyhaemoglobin from carboxyhaemoglobin /
metheamoglobin
LIMITED USEFULNESS IN:
a) Vasoconstriction
b) CO poisoning
c) Profound anaemia (Hb <5g/dL)
d) Hypothermia (<30°)
3
~~&@ @!&* ^##!&#!** * DO N OT EX PLORE W OU NDS EXTEN DING TH ROUGH PLATYSMA ***
SECONDA RY SURVEY - PHYSICA L EXAMI NATION - CHEST CORRE CT ANSWE RS: - VISUAL EVALUATION
- PALPATI ON I NCLUDI NG CLAVICLES / RIBS / STE RNUM
AUSCULTATI ON
* HIGH ANTE RIOR ?PNE UMOTH ORA X
* POSTERI OR BASES ?HAEMOTH ORAX
--- CARD IAC TAMP ONADE:
DISTANT HEART SOUNDS & DE CREASED PULSE PRESSU RE
--- DISTENDED NECK VEINS:
TENSION PNEUM OTH ORAX / CARDIA C TAMPONADE
LARYN GEAL TRA UMA CORRE CT ANSWE RS: LA RYNGEA L FRACT URE IS RA RE
-CAN P RESENT WITH ACU TE AIRWAY OBST RUCT ION
ATLS
TLSATLS
Test
ATLS Test
Test Questions
Questions
Test
Questions & Correct
Questions
& Correct
& Correct Answers
&Answers
Correct 2025.docxATLS
Answers
Answers Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,TLSATLS
Test
ATLS
Test
Questions
Test
Questions
2026/03/15 Questions
& Correct
& Correct
&Answers
Correct
Answers
Answers
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
When is pulse oximetry unreliable? -ANSWER: i) Poor peripheral perfusion
ii) Severe anaemia
iii) High levels of carboxyhaemoglobin or methaemoglobin
iv) High levels of circulating dye (e.g. indocyanine green / methylene blue)
v) Excessive pt movement
vi) Intense ambient light
Oxygen dissociation curve -ANSWER: * Describes relationship between pO2 (x)
& O2 sats (y)
* Hb binds 4 O2 molecules reversibly
* Binding of first molecule is difficult but facilitates binding of subsequent
molecules
FACTORS AFFECTING CURVE
RIGHT SHIFT = Hb has decreased affinity for oxygen
- Difficult for Hb to bind O2 / easier to release
- Increases pO2 in tissues (e.g. during exercise / shock)
LEFT SHIFT = Hb has increased affinity for O2
- Binds O2 more easily / releases it less easily
Factors affecting oxygen dissociation curve -ANSWER: MNEMONIC for causes
of right shift:
'CADET, face right'
C = CO2
A = Acid
D = 2,3-DPG
E = Exercise
T = Temperature
(Increases in these causes right shift)
Complications of needle cricothyroidotomy -ANSWER: i) Inadequate ventilation
→ hypoxia / death
ii) Aspiration (blood)
iii) Oesophageal laceration
iv) Perforation of posterior tracheal wall
v) Haematoma
vi) Subcutaneous / mediastinal emphysema
vii) Thyroid perforation
viii) Pneumothorax
Complications of surgical cricothyroidotomy -ANSWER: i) Aspiration (blood)
4
~~&@ @!&* ^##!&#!** * DO N OT EX PLORE W OU NDS EXTEN DING TH ROUGH PLATYSMA ***
SECONDA RY SURVEY - PHYSICA L EXAMI NATION - CHEST CORRE CT ANSWE RS: - VISUAL EVALUATION
- PALPATI ON I NCLUDI NG CLAVICLES / RIBS / STE RNUM
AUSCULTATI ON
* HIGH ANTE RIOR ?PNE UMOTH ORA X
* POSTERI OR BASES ?HAEMOTH ORAX
--- CARD IAC TAMP ONADE:
DISTANT HEART SOUNDS & DE CREASED PULSE PRESSU RE
--- DISTENDED NECK VEINS:
TENSION PNEUM OTH ORAX / CARDIA C TAMPONADE
LARYN GEAL TRA UMA CORRE CT ANSWE RS: LA RYNGEA L FRACT URE IS RA RE
-CAN P RESENT WITH ACU TE AIRWAY OBST RUCT ION
ATLS
TLSATLS
Test
ATLS Test
Test Questions
Questions
Test
Questions & Correct
Questions
& Correct
& Correct Answers
&Answers
Correct 2025.docxATLS
Answers
Answers Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docxATLS Test Questions & Correct Answers 2025.docx
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2025.pdf!@@@@@@@@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
