Classics 2902 Questions with CORRECT Answers
Question:
Etruscan & Roman History - 1st millennium BCE: 2 major ethnic groups
Answer:
Etruscans
Question:
5th & 4th c BCE
Answer:
Etruscans lose... Power to Roman aristocrats (patricians), who form the
Question:
Republic (2 consuls & Senate) Internal strife
Answer:
Shared government with lower class plebeians (2 tribunes)
Question:
Important concept Conflict; elite vs lower class Expansion based on
Answer:
Expansion based on military successes (on peninsula, then
Question:
Attitudes & Relevance for medicine (5)
Answer:
Expansion bad
Question:
- Pliny & Cato most vocal; Romans grow lax and too fond of luxuries IMPORTANT
Answer:
Greek culture permeated Italy, therefore, medical concepts shared between
,Question:
Greek, Etruscan & Roman medical cultures
- Illness comes from gods
- Characterizations of Greek gods adopted/ transported to Rome Religion & Culture
Answer:
Public vs private worship (public gods vs household gods)
Question:
- Forms of worship access power over deities through ritual actions (do ut des) Healing not
limited to either sphere
Answer:
Roman piety = consult all deities involved
Question:
- Healing can occur among Capitoline deities (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva) or private gods
Cosmology
Answer:
Etruscans: division of sky into 16 sections (interpretation of divine
Question:
messages)
- Etruscan gods form councils (cf. Mesopotamia) "Good to bad" spectrum
Answer:
east to west
Question:
Romans
Answer:
division of sky into 4 sections
Question:
Negative to positive
Answer:
left to right
, Question:
Sacrifices & Medicine Sacrifices = point of contact between human & divine; maintenance of
relationship 3 basic sacrifice rituals 1) burnt offering for celestial deities
2) blood offering for underworld (chthonic) deities
3) libation & bloodless sacrifices for ancestors Blood offering
Answer:
Relationship between living beings & earth
Question:
medical theories/ teachings about blood (e.g. bloodletting as sacrifice) Healing deities (7)
Ascelepius, Aplu, Diana, Hercle, Isis, Tiana, Menrva EVERY GOD CAN CAUSE & CURE
ILLNESS Ascelepius Asklepieion (pl. Asklepieia) popular pilgrimage site Temple on Tiber
Island on healing spring (most popular with slaves) Aplu Etruscan version of Apollo Late
Republic
Answer:
Aplu -> Apollo
Question:
Empiricists
Answer:
Experience & Pragmatism
Question:
Methodists
Answer:
Middle course; body made of invisible entities ("corpuscles" & space in
Question:
Vindolanda tablets (Hadrian's wall)
Answer:
eye ailments, lists of wounded soldiers
Question:
Private letters Encyclopedic works (Pliny & Celsus) Medical texts
Answer:
Dioscorides, Rufus of Ephesus, Soranus, Galen
Question:
Etruscan & Roman History - 1st millennium BCE: 2 major ethnic groups
Answer:
Etruscans
Question:
5th & 4th c BCE
Answer:
Etruscans lose... Power to Roman aristocrats (patricians), who form the
Question:
Republic (2 consuls & Senate) Internal strife
Answer:
Shared government with lower class plebeians (2 tribunes)
Question:
Important concept Conflict; elite vs lower class Expansion based on
Answer:
Expansion based on military successes (on peninsula, then
Question:
Attitudes & Relevance for medicine (5)
Answer:
Expansion bad
Question:
- Pliny & Cato most vocal; Romans grow lax and too fond of luxuries IMPORTANT
Answer:
Greek culture permeated Italy, therefore, medical concepts shared between
,Question:
Greek, Etruscan & Roman medical cultures
- Illness comes from gods
- Characterizations of Greek gods adopted/ transported to Rome Religion & Culture
Answer:
Public vs private worship (public gods vs household gods)
Question:
- Forms of worship access power over deities through ritual actions (do ut des) Healing not
limited to either sphere
Answer:
Roman piety = consult all deities involved
Question:
- Healing can occur among Capitoline deities (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva) or private gods
Cosmology
Answer:
Etruscans: division of sky into 16 sections (interpretation of divine
Question:
messages)
- Etruscan gods form councils (cf. Mesopotamia) "Good to bad" spectrum
Answer:
east to west
Question:
Romans
Answer:
division of sky into 4 sections
Question:
Negative to positive
Answer:
left to right
, Question:
Sacrifices & Medicine Sacrifices = point of contact between human & divine; maintenance of
relationship 3 basic sacrifice rituals 1) burnt offering for celestial deities
2) blood offering for underworld (chthonic) deities
3) libation & bloodless sacrifices for ancestors Blood offering
Answer:
Relationship between living beings & earth
Question:
medical theories/ teachings about blood (e.g. bloodletting as sacrifice) Healing deities (7)
Ascelepius, Aplu, Diana, Hercle, Isis, Tiana, Menrva EVERY GOD CAN CAUSE & CURE
ILLNESS Ascelepius Asklepieion (pl. Asklepieia) popular pilgrimage site Temple on Tiber
Island on healing spring (most popular with slaves) Aplu Etruscan version of Apollo Late
Republic
Answer:
Aplu -> Apollo
Question:
Empiricists
Answer:
Experience & Pragmatism
Question:
Methodists
Answer:
Middle course; body made of invisible entities ("corpuscles" & space in
Question:
Vindolanda tablets (Hadrian's wall)
Answer:
eye ailments, lists of wounded soldiers
Question:
Private letters Encyclopedic works (Pliny & Celsus) Medical texts
Answer:
Dioscorides, Rufus of Ephesus, Soranus, Galen
