NURS6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM PRACTICE SOLUTION SET 2026
TESTED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Chest X-ray. Answer: Initial imaging for evaluating lung
conditions.
◉ Restrictive Lung Disease. Answer: Characterized by decreased
lung expansion and compliance.
◉ COPD. Answer: Chronic lung disease causing airflow limitation
and breathing difficulty.
◉ Asthma. Answer: Chronic inflammatory disease causing airway
hyperresponsiveness.
◉ Cor Pulmonale. Answer: Right heart failure due to lung disease.
◉ Bronchitis. Answer: Inflammation of bronchial tubes, often with
mucus production.
◉ Abscess Formation. Answer: Localized collection of pus within
lung tissue.
,◉ Recurrent Pneumonia. Answer: Repeated episodes of lung
infection over time.
◉ Pulmonary Fibrosis. Answer: Scarring of lung tissue leading to
breathing difficulties.
◉ Ejection Fraction. Answer: Percentage of blood pumped out of
heart per beat.
◉ Crackles. Answer: Abnormal lung sounds indicating fluid or
inflammation.
◉ Dyspnea on Exertion. Answer: Shortness of breath during physical
activity.
◉ Oxygen Saturation. Answer: Measure of hemoglobin saturation
with oxygen in blood.
◉ Vital Signs. Answer: Key indicators of a patient's health status.
◉ WBC. Answer: White blood cell count; elevated indicates infection.
,◉ Hct. Answer: Hematocrit; percentage of red blood cells.
◉ Na. Answer: Sodium level; normal range is 135-145 mEq/L.
◉ Glucose. Answer: Blood sugar level; elevated indicates possible
diabetes.
◉ BUN. Answer: Blood urea nitrogen; assesses kidney function.
◉ Cr. Answer: Creatinine; indicates kidney function status.
◉ Community acquired pneumonia. Answer: Pneumonia acquired
outside of healthcare settings.
◉ Decreased chest wall compliance. Answer: Reduced ability of
chest wall to expand.
◉ Mean corpuscular volume. Answer: Average volume of red blood
cells; indicates macrocytosis.
◉ COPD guidelines. Answer: GOLD guidelines address COPD
diagnosis and treatment.
, ◉ Restrictive lung disease. Answer: Condition limiting lung
expansion; affects inhalation.
◉ Chvostek sign. Answer: Facial twitching indicating hypocalcemia.
◉ Pneumocystic pneumonia. Answer: Common infection in AIDS
patients; 80% occurrence.
◉ CD4+ count for AIDS. Answer: Count < 200 cells/mm³ indicates
AIDS.
◉ Benign tumor characteristics. Answer: Well differentiated; grows
slowly and is encapsulated.
◉ Hypertrophied left ventricular wall. Answer: Often caused by
hypertension or chronic stress.
◉ Non-classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. Answer: Characterized by
lymphohistiocytic cells in biopsy.
◉ Aspirin effect on homeostasis. Answer: Inhibits platelet
aggregation, affecting clotting.
MIDTERM PRACTICE SOLUTION SET 2026
TESTED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Chest X-ray. Answer: Initial imaging for evaluating lung
conditions.
◉ Restrictive Lung Disease. Answer: Characterized by decreased
lung expansion and compliance.
◉ COPD. Answer: Chronic lung disease causing airflow limitation
and breathing difficulty.
◉ Asthma. Answer: Chronic inflammatory disease causing airway
hyperresponsiveness.
◉ Cor Pulmonale. Answer: Right heart failure due to lung disease.
◉ Bronchitis. Answer: Inflammation of bronchial tubes, often with
mucus production.
◉ Abscess Formation. Answer: Localized collection of pus within
lung tissue.
,◉ Recurrent Pneumonia. Answer: Repeated episodes of lung
infection over time.
◉ Pulmonary Fibrosis. Answer: Scarring of lung tissue leading to
breathing difficulties.
◉ Ejection Fraction. Answer: Percentage of blood pumped out of
heart per beat.
◉ Crackles. Answer: Abnormal lung sounds indicating fluid or
inflammation.
◉ Dyspnea on Exertion. Answer: Shortness of breath during physical
activity.
◉ Oxygen Saturation. Answer: Measure of hemoglobin saturation
with oxygen in blood.
◉ Vital Signs. Answer: Key indicators of a patient's health status.
◉ WBC. Answer: White blood cell count; elevated indicates infection.
,◉ Hct. Answer: Hematocrit; percentage of red blood cells.
◉ Na. Answer: Sodium level; normal range is 135-145 mEq/L.
◉ Glucose. Answer: Blood sugar level; elevated indicates possible
diabetes.
◉ BUN. Answer: Blood urea nitrogen; assesses kidney function.
◉ Cr. Answer: Creatinine; indicates kidney function status.
◉ Community acquired pneumonia. Answer: Pneumonia acquired
outside of healthcare settings.
◉ Decreased chest wall compliance. Answer: Reduced ability of
chest wall to expand.
◉ Mean corpuscular volume. Answer: Average volume of red blood
cells; indicates macrocytosis.
◉ COPD guidelines. Answer: GOLD guidelines address COPD
diagnosis and treatment.
, ◉ Restrictive lung disease. Answer: Condition limiting lung
expansion; affects inhalation.
◉ Chvostek sign. Answer: Facial twitching indicating hypocalcemia.
◉ Pneumocystic pneumonia. Answer: Common infection in AIDS
patients; 80% occurrence.
◉ CD4+ count for AIDS. Answer: Count < 200 cells/mm³ indicates
AIDS.
◉ Benign tumor characteristics. Answer: Well differentiated; grows
slowly and is encapsulated.
◉ Hypertrophied left ventricular wall. Answer: Often caused by
hypertension or chronic stress.
◉ Non-classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. Answer: Characterized by
lymphohistiocytic cells in biopsy.
◉ Aspirin effect on homeostasis. Answer: Inhibits platelet
aggregation, affecting clotting.
