BIOL 2420: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

BIOL 2420: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. What is microbiology?
Answer:
The study of microorganisms and their activities.

Question:
2. What is a microbe?
Answer:
An organism or acellular entity too small to be seen clearly with the unaided eye.

Question:
3. What types of microbes do we study?
Answer:
Bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, helminths, and viruses.

Question:
4. What are the branches of microbiology?
Answer:
Medical microbiology, public health microbiology, epidemiology, immunology, industrial microbiology,
agricultural microbiology, and environmental microbiology.

Question:
5. What are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Answer:
Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, are smaller, and have simpler DNA
organization. Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus, organelles, and are generally larger.

Question:
6. What similarities do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?
Answer:
Both contain DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane and carry out the basic processes of life.

Question:
7. Why are microbes important?
Answer:
They recycle nutrients, shape ecosystems, produce oxygen, are used in biotechnology, aid in food
production, and some cause disease.

Question:
8. What is biotechnology?
Answer:
The use of microorganisms or their products for practical applications.

, Question:
9. What is genetic engineering?
Answer:
The deliberate manipulation of an organism's genes.

Question:
10. What is recombinant DNA technology?
Answer:
A method of combining DNA from different organisms for practical purposes.

Question:
11. What is gene therapy?
Answer:
The insertion or repair of defective or missing genes in human cells to treat disease.

Question:
12. When is bioremediation used?
Answer:
To clean up polluted environments using bacteria, fungi, or algae.

Question:
13. Who was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek?
Answer:
The "Father of Microbiology" who first observed microorganisms using handcrafted microscopes.

Question:
14. Who was Louis Pasteur?
Answer:
The scientist who disproved spontaneous generation, supported the germ theory of disease, and developed
pasteurization.

Question:
15. Who was Robert Koch?
Answer:
The scientist who developed Koch's postulates and demonstrated that specific microbes cause specific
diseases.

Question:
16. Who was Oliver Wendell Holmes?
Answer:
A physician who promoted handwashing to reduce the spread of disease.

Question:
17. Who was Ignaz Semmelweis?
Answer:
A physician who demonstrated that handwashing dramatically reduced puerperal fever.