UNDERSTANDING VITAMINS: FUNCTIONS AND
DEFICIENCIES | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, What are vitamins? Answer: Organic substances needed by the body in small amounts for
normal metabolism, growth, and maintenance.
What is the primary function of vitamins in the body? Answer: Vitamins act as regulators of
metabolic processes and as coenzymes that activate enzymes.
What distinguishes fat-soluble vitamins from water-soluble vitamins? Answer: Fat-soluble
vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissues, while water-soluble vitamins are not stored and
need to be consumed more regularly.
List the fat-soluble vitamins. Answer: Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
List the water-soluble vitamins. Answer: Vitamin C and the eight B-complex vitamins
(Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folic acid, Vitamin B12, Biotin, Pantothenic acid).
What are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? Answer: A set of reference values used to plan and
assess nutrient intakes of healthy people.
What are the components of DRIs? Answer: Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA),
Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
What is the significance of the solubility of vitamins? Answer: It affects the storage, processing
of foods, and utilization of vitamins in the body.
What diseases are caused by deficiencies of vitamins A and D? Answer: Specific diseases
include night blindness for vitamin A and rickets for vitamin D.
What are two vitamins with food sources limited to the fruit and vegetable group? Answer:
Vitamin C and certain B vitamins.
What is the difference between enrichment and fortification? Answer: Enrichment refers to
adding nutrients back to foods that were lost during processing, while fortification involves
adding nutrients to foods that were not originally present.
What is the role of vitamin C in the body? Answer: Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of
collagen and acts as an antioxidant.
What is the importance of vitamin D? Answer: Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and
bone health.
What are the recommended units for measuring vitamins in the United States? Answer:
Micrograms and milligrams.
What is the historical measurement for fat-soluble vitamins? Answer: International Units (IUs).
Why are vitamins compared to keys in a lock? Answer: Because each vitamin has a specific
function that cannot be substituted by another vitamin.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
DEFICIENCIES | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, What are vitamins? Answer: Organic substances needed by the body in small amounts for
normal metabolism, growth, and maintenance.
What is the primary function of vitamins in the body? Answer: Vitamins act as regulators of
metabolic processes and as coenzymes that activate enzymes.
What distinguishes fat-soluble vitamins from water-soluble vitamins? Answer: Fat-soluble
vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissues, while water-soluble vitamins are not stored and
need to be consumed more regularly.
List the fat-soluble vitamins. Answer: Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
List the water-soluble vitamins. Answer: Vitamin C and the eight B-complex vitamins
(Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folic acid, Vitamin B12, Biotin, Pantothenic acid).
What are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? Answer: A set of reference values used to plan and
assess nutrient intakes of healthy people.
What are the components of DRIs? Answer: Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA),
Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
What is the significance of the solubility of vitamins? Answer: It affects the storage, processing
of foods, and utilization of vitamins in the body.
What diseases are caused by deficiencies of vitamins A and D? Answer: Specific diseases
include night blindness for vitamin A and rickets for vitamin D.
What are two vitamins with food sources limited to the fruit and vegetable group? Answer:
Vitamin C and certain B vitamins.
What is the difference between enrichment and fortification? Answer: Enrichment refers to
adding nutrients back to foods that were lost during processing, while fortification involves
adding nutrients to foods that were not originally present.
What is the role of vitamin C in the body? Answer: Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of
collagen and acts as an antioxidant.
What is the importance of vitamin D? Answer: Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and
bone health.
What are the recommended units for measuring vitamins in the United States? Answer:
Micrograms and milligrams.
What is the historical measurement for fat-soluble vitamins? Answer: International Units (IUs).
Why are vitamins compared to keys in a lock? Answer: Because each vitamin has a specific
function that cannot be substituted by another vitamin.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
