NURS 6531 FINAL EXAM CONCEPT REVIEW
GUIDE 2026 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND
PATIENT SAFETY
◉ What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from
secondary adrenocortical insufficiency?
Answer: Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary
adrenocortical insufficiency
◉ What is Trousseau's sign?
Answer: A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm
with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
◉ What is Chovstek's sign?
Answer: A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve
below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
◉ What is Babinski's sign?
Answer: An upward response (extension) of the hallux when the
sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify
spinal cord disease in adults.
◉ What is Romberg's sign?
, Answer: Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed. Usually
indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
◉ What is Homan's sign?
Answer: pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with DVT.
◉ What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome?
Answer: Urinalysis: Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and
large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
◉ What is Goodpasture syndrome?
Answer: Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement
membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
◉ Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome?
Answer: Hospitalization, pulse dose of steroids, begin
plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
◉ Characteristics of Grave's disease
GUIDE 2026 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND
PATIENT SAFETY
◉ What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from
secondary adrenocortical insufficiency?
Answer: Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary
adrenocortical insufficiency
◉ What is Trousseau's sign?
Answer: A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm
with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
◉ What is Chovstek's sign?
Answer: A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve
below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
◉ What is Babinski's sign?
Answer: An upward response (extension) of the hallux when the
sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify
spinal cord disease in adults.
◉ What is Romberg's sign?
, Answer: Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed. Usually
indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
◉ What is Homan's sign?
Answer: pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with DVT.
◉ What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome?
Answer: Urinalysis: Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and
large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
◉ What is Goodpasture syndrome?
Answer: Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement
membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
◉ Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome?
Answer: Hospitalization, pulse dose of steroids, begin
plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
◉ Characteristics of Grave's disease
