NURS 5220 MODULE 3 2026
CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NOTES COMPILATION
◉ The Partnership with the Patient
Answer: Getting to know your client:
Culture
Physical characteristics Influence on health and illness
Beliefs and behaviors Family relationships Preparing to be an
effective health care provider
◉ The History and Interviewing process
Answer: The history and physical exam begin the diagnostic and
treatment process
The techniques you will learn are orderly but not rigid
To prevent misinterpretations and misperceptions, you must make
every effort to view the patient's perspective.
◉ GOALS
,Answer: Discover information leading to diagnosis and management
Provide information about diagnosis
Negotiate and share health care management
Counsel about disease prevention
◉ Autonomy
Answer: Patient's self-determination
◉ Beneficence
Answer: Do good for the patient
◉ Nonmaleficence
Answer: Do no harm to the patient
◉ Utilitarianism
Answer: Appropriate use of resources for the greater good
◉ Fairness and Justice
Answer: Equitable treatment of all
,◉ Deontological imperatives
Answer: Care delivered according to traditions and in cultural
contexts
◉ Factors that Enhance Communication
Answer: Establishing a positive patient relationship depends on
communication built on: Courtesy Comfort Connection Confirmation
Confidentiality
Be Professional:
Attire & Response
◉ Enhancing Patient Responses
Answer: Establish rapport and trust-Seek connection
Open-Ended Question-Allows patient discretion about the extent of
an answer
Direct Question-Seeks specific information
Leading Question
, -May limit the information provided to what the patient thinks you
want to know
◉ If the patient does not understand what you are asking, remember
to:
Answer: Facilitate: Encourage your patient to say more
Reflect: Repeat what you have heard.
Clarify: Ask "What do you mean?"
Empathize: Show understanding and acceptance.
Confront: Address disturbing patient behavior.
Interpret: Repeat what you have heard to confirm the patient's
meaning.
◉ Communication TensionsLimit barriers
Answer: curiosity about you
anxiety
silence
CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NOTES COMPILATION
◉ The Partnership with the Patient
Answer: Getting to know your client:
Culture
Physical characteristics Influence on health and illness
Beliefs and behaviors Family relationships Preparing to be an
effective health care provider
◉ The History and Interviewing process
Answer: The history and physical exam begin the diagnostic and
treatment process
The techniques you will learn are orderly but not rigid
To prevent misinterpretations and misperceptions, you must make
every effort to view the patient's perspective.
◉ GOALS
,Answer: Discover information leading to diagnosis and management
Provide information about diagnosis
Negotiate and share health care management
Counsel about disease prevention
◉ Autonomy
Answer: Patient's self-determination
◉ Beneficence
Answer: Do good for the patient
◉ Nonmaleficence
Answer: Do no harm to the patient
◉ Utilitarianism
Answer: Appropriate use of resources for the greater good
◉ Fairness and Justice
Answer: Equitable treatment of all
,◉ Deontological imperatives
Answer: Care delivered according to traditions and in cultural
contexts
◉ Factors that Enhance Communication
Answer: Establishing a positive patient relationship depends on
communication built on: Courtesy Comfort Connection Confirmation
Confidentiality
Be Professional:
Attire & Response
◉ Enhancing Patient Responses
Answer: Establish rapport and trust-Seek connection
Open-Ended Question-Allows patient discretion about the extent of
an answer
Direct Question-Seeks specific information
Leading Question
, -May limit the information provided to what the patient thinks you
want to know
◉ If the patient does not understand what you are asking, remember
to:
Answer: Facilitate: Encourage your patient to say more
Reflect: Repeat what you have heard.
Clarify: Ask "What do you mean?"
Empathize: Show understanding and acceptance.
Confront: Address disturbing patient behavior.
Interpret: Repeat what you have heard to confirm the patient's
meaning.
◉ Communication TensionsLimit barriers
Answer: curiosity about you
anxiety
silence
