NU 155 EXAM 1 REVIEW CHAPTERS 3, 33, 34 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | NU 155 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Fluid volume overload: S/S - ANS ✔✔-Edema
-BP up; HR Down
-Crackles
-seizures
-electrolytes depleted
-brain (no sugar)
Fluid volume deficit: s/s - ANS ✔✔-BP down; HR up
-check skin turgor (chest)
-weight loss
-fever
-sunken eyes
-constipation
-elevated HCT
Age related changes in kidneys - ANS ✔✔-slower to adjust to changes in acid/base electrolyte balances
-reduced thirst & taste
-total body water declines
-meds lead to imbalances
-urinary incontinence
-confusion
waters 4 major functions - ANS ✔✔1. intra/extra cellular trans
2. heat regulation
3. maintain pH balance(7.35-7.45)
4. aids in digestion
extracellular fluid: 4 major functions - ANS ✔✔1. 1/3 of total body water
2. transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste, etc. to & from cells
3. regulated by renal metabolic & neurological factors
4. High in Na+ content
Interstitial fluid - ANS ✔✔-fluid in spaces surrounding cells
-high in Na+ content
intracellular fluid - ANS ✔✔-2/3 of total body water
-fluid contained w/in cell walls; most cell walls are permeable to water
-high in K+ content
2 hormones that regulate fluid - ANS ✔✔-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-Aldosterone
, Antidieuretic Hormone (ADH) - ANS ✔✔-released by posterior pituitary gland
-controls how much fluid leaves the body in the urine & causes reabsorption of water from kidney
tubules
Aldosterone - ANS ✔✔regulates the reabsorption of water & sodium ions from the kidney tubules
(sodium retention)
creatinine - ANS ✔✔0.5-1.2 mg/dL
BUN - ANS ✔✔10-20 mg/dL
fluid volume deficit: treatments - ANS ✔✔-increase fluids
-salty snacks
-IV Fluids
fluid overload: treatments - ANS ✔✔-exercise
-low sodium diet
-elevate extemeties
Sodium normal range & function - ANS ✔✔- 135-145 mEq/L
-major cation of ECF
-regulates ECF volume thru osmotic pressure
-transmission of nerve impulses & helps maintain neuromuscular
-controls contractility of heart
-maintain a/b balance
Hyponatremia: s/s - ANS ✔✔S: Stupor (coma)
A: Anorexia
L: Lethargy
T: Tachycardia
L: Limp muscles
O: Orthostatic hypotension
S: Seizures
S: Stomach cramping
Hyponatremia: causes & NI - ANS ✔✔Causes:
-excessive intake or retention of water (heart to kidney failure)
-loss of Na thru burn wounds
-admin of intravenous fluids that don't contain electrolytes
NI:
-canned soups
-canned veggies
-salted snack foods
Hypernatremia: s/s - ANS ✔✔F: Flushed skin
R: Restless; anxious/confused
ANSWERS | NU 155 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Fluid volume overload: S/S - ANS ✔✔-Edema
-BP up; HR Down
-Crackles
-seizures
-electrolytes depleted
-brain (no sugar)
Fluid volume deficit: s/s - ANS ✔✔-BP down; HR up
-check skin turgor (chest)
-weight loss
-fever
-sunken eyes
-constipation
-elevated HCT
Age related changes in kidneys - ANS ✔✔-slower to adjust to changes in acid/base electrolyte balances
-reduced thirst & taste
-total body water declines
-meds lead to imbalances
-urinary incontinence
-confusion
waters 4 major functions - ANS ✔✔1. intra/extra cellular trans
2. heat regulation
3. maintain pH balance(7.35-7.45)
4. aids in digestion
extracellular fluid: 4 major functions - ANS ✔✔1. 1/3 of total body water
2. transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste, etc. to & from cells
3. regulated by renal metabolic & neurological factors
4. High in Na+ content
Interstitial fluid - ANS ✔✔-fluid in spaces surrounding cells
-high in Na+ content
intracellular fluid - ANS ✔✔-2/3 of total body water
-fluid contained w/in cell walls; most cell walls are permeable to water
-high in K+ content
2 hormones that regulate fluid - ANS ✔✔-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-Aldosterone
, Antidieuretic Hormone (ADH) - ANS ✔✔-released by posterior pituitary gland
-controls how much fluid leaves the body in the urine & causes reabsorption of water from kidney
tubules
Aldosterone - ANS ✔✔regulates the reabsorption of water & sodium ions from the kidney tubules
(sodium retention)
creatinine - ANS ✔✔0.5-1.2 mg/dL
BUN - ANS ✔✔10-20 mg/dL
fluid volume deficit: treatments - ANS ✔✔-increase fluids
-salty snacks
-IV Fluids
fluid overload: treatments - ANS ✔✔-exercise
-low sodium diet
-elevate extemeties
Sodium normal range & function - ANS ✔✔- 135-145 mEq/L
-major cation of ECF
-regulates ECF volume thru osmotic pressure
-transmission of nerve impulses & helps maintain neuromuscular
-controls contractility of heart
-maintain a/b balance
Hyponatremia: s/s - ANS ✔✔S: Stupor (coma)
A: Anorexia
L: Lethargy
T: Tachycardia
L: Limp muscles
O: Orthostatic hypotension
S: Seizures
S: Stomach cramping
Hyponatremia: causes & NI - ANS ✔✔Causes:
-excessive intake or retention of water (heart to kidney failure)
-loss of Na thru burn wounds
-admin of intravenous fluids that don't contain electrolytes
NI:
-canned soups
-canned veggies
-salted snack foods
Hypernatremia: s/s - ANS ✔✔F: Flushed skin
R: Restless; anxious/confused
